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德伯家的苔丝英文分析
德伯家的苔丝英文版(一)
内容摘要
在英国，许多的作家以幻灭为主题，将其融入到自己的作品当中。在这些作家中最有代表性的是托马斯〃哈代。在19世纪的英国，托马斯〃哈代是著名的批判现实主义作家，《德伯家的苔丝》是他作品中最有影响力的一部。在这部作品中他的对比是：人和社会环境、人和大自然、人的外貌和他的内心世界。《德伯家的苔丝》主要讲述了一个美丽善良的少女苔丝失身后所遭遇的悲惨故事。他认为平民的生活是悲惨的，平民人物的命运也是悲剧，而主人公苔丝的命运就是平民命运的一个小缩影。并且在18世纪到19世纪之交，维多利亚时期是一个以男性为中心的时代，男女不平等已经成为维多利亚时期根深蒂固的社会习俗，因此，当时妇女倍受压迫和歧视。苔丝作为一个普通人，与当时社会的抗争是无助的，她的结局会像所有一切与道德伦理相悖的事物一样，成为这个社会的牺牲品。苔丝的悲剧是又多方因素造成的，我的论文仅通过社会环境的描写、法律制度，伦理道德和宗教, 分析出造成苔丝悲惨命运的社会因素。苔丝的悲剧是那个社会所造成的。
关键词：苔丝 社会环境 法律系统 伦理道德 宗教因素
ABSTRACT
Many novelists from England expressed disillusionment in their novels. The most typical one was Thomas Hardy who was a famous critical realistic writer at the run of the 19th century in England. In the novel, His contrasts are human and social environment, human and nature, surface and heart. Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all his works. This novel is a tragic story about one beautiful and kind Tess after she had been lost chastity. In his mind, the life of demos is tragic, and the destiny of Tess is a miniature display the life of demos is a tragedy. And at the turn of the century between 18th and 19th, women were oppressed and discriminated, due to the deeply inequality social culture between man and woman in Victorian Age, all of which existed in the Tess‟s living time. As a common person, Tess fought with the society is helpless. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things, which disobey the morality and ethic. The tragedy happened on Tess is caused by many reasons. My paper is about to analyze the tragedy of Tess though the social environment, law system，morality and religion factor at that time. Tess„s tragic life is caused by that society and it is the result of that time.
KEY WORDS: Tess society environment law system morality ethic
religion factor
CONTENTS
I. Introduction of author and novel……………………………………….1
1.1 Introduction of Thomas Hardy……………………………………1
1.2 Introduction of Tess of the D’Urbervilles…...…………...………2
II. Background………………………………...……………….…………4
2.1Background of the novel…………………………………………
2.2 Background of Political, Economical and Cultural………………4
2.3 Background of the Features of Victorian novels...……...………5
III. Analyze the tragedy of Tess from social factors…………………..…5
3.1 Life environment for the peasants…….……….……….………...7
3.2 Unfair law system for the peasants……….……….……….……...9
3.3 The victim of morality for Female
3.4 Contacting with religion
IV. Conclusion………………………………………………………...14
REFERENCES…..…………………………………………………15
I. The introduction of author and novel
1.1 Introduction of Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy was born on June 2, 1840, a village of southwestern England that was the focus of his novels. He got a love of music from his father and literature from his mother. In 1862, he went to London to work for a famous architect. During the time when he was free, he widely studied: language, literature, history, philosophy and art. At that time, he even gained two prizes for essays on architecture, but it was not his desired profession. He started to write poetry and paid more attention to poetry than novel when he was 25-year-old. But he had no chance to publish his poetry. He changed the matter to create novel. In 1871, his first long novel was published. Three years ago, the celebrated work was his fourth novel far from the Madding Crowd. He stopped construction industry and devoted to the novel creation. There were early 20 long novels in Hardy‟s life. The most famous novel is Tess of the D’Urbervilles. However his view has led considerably conflict with the moral of Victorian era. Some plots were deleted in the serial and the title of the novel is a true life of the pure woman that caused strong dissatisfaction among some people. They believe that is an affront on public moral because Tess gets the sympathetic and understanding from the author in the novel. Hardy‟s works reflected the changed of social economy, political, moral and tradition, which is the advanced thoughts in Victorian era. Especially, his novels exposed women‟s tragic life and morals, legal and religious. And his story is the people pursue a ideal life by describing the struggle, pursuit and disillusionment in his novel. Therefore, the story is full of the deep society-significance and philosophy. His works not only were the great tradition of England realism, but also were the way for 20th century British literature.
1.2 Tess of the D’Urbervilles
Tess is a 16-year-old who is a beautiful and kind girl comes from a poor family in a village，the whole family make their living by transporting with an old horse. However the old horse was dead in a sudden accident. The poverty of the family forces her to claim help from the rich D‟Urbervilles.
While visiting the D‟Urbervilles at the Slopes, Tess meets Alec D‟Urbervilles. Alec is a young master of the D‟Urbervilles and a playboy. Alec arranges for Tess to take care of his blind mother‟s poultry, and Tess moves to the Slopes. Alec seduces and rapes Tess.【德伯家的苔丝英文版】
Tess returns home, gives birth to a son. His name is sorrow. Tess works as a field worker on nearby farms. Sorrow becomes ill and dies when he is a baby. People‟s opinion forces Tess makes another journey away from home to become a milkmaid on a dairy farm. There she meets Angel Clare. She falls in love with each other. On their wedding night, Tess displays her own past, Tess forgives Angel for his past, but Angel cannot forgive Tess for having a child with another man. Finally, he leaves her. Tess goes to her parents‟ home. Tess eventually leaves home to work in another town at Flint comb-Ash farm, where the working conditions are very harsh. Tess meets some of her friends from Talbot hays, and they are at Flint comb to the hard work. Tess wants to visit Angel‟s family, but she gives up at the last minute. On the way Flint comb, Tess meets Alec again. When Alec meets Tess, he leaves his position to pursue her. Alec follows Tess to Flint comb, asking her to marry him. Tess refuses in the strongest terms. However her father‟s death leads to the whole burden of the
德伯家的苔丝英文
德伯家的苔丝英文版(二)
XX学院
英国文学史及选读课程论文
论文题目 To what extent is Tess a victim? 姓 名 XX 学 号 XX
专 业 XX 年 级 XX
院 、 系 XX 年 月 日 XX
课程论文评价标准
To what extent is Tess a victim?
Abstract:In the novel,Tess is a pure woman,there is no shortage on her character that can make herself a victim.She was seduced when she was innocent.As a victim,what is waiting for her is not the sympasy or mercy,but be cast aside by the people,soTess began to fight for her fate. She tried her best to leave aside those bad memories,and pursue her own happiness.But all the things seemed to against her wish,when Alec did whatever he like,Tess was the only one who bear all the burden,all the injustice.Finally,Tess killed Alex in desperate and sacrificed her own life for that.
Key Words:victim,family,marrage,society.
ⅠA victim of her family.
We all know that the poor family was the direct reason that make her a victim. 1. “Yes, that's the d'Urberville nose and chin - a little debased. Your ancestor was one of the twelve knights who assisted the Lord of Estremavilla in Normandy in his conquest of Glamorganshire. Branches of your family held manors over all this part of England; their names appear in the Pipe Rolls in the time of King Stephen.”This is what the parson said to Tess’s father, a peddler,lasy ,follish and vain.When he heard the news about his nobel family history,he drunk and couldn’t work,Tess had to deliver the beehive at night.During this jurney,Tess slept on the way,and her horse collided with a post horse,and this made her horse died.Tess was the only one who exactly know what is the meaning of loosing a horse, she was regret and decided to go to work for their rich relatives to save her family.
2.When Angel left for Brazil,Tess had to go back to her own family to support her family members.Because of the poverty,she suffered a lot during her work and what’s more,Alec came to find her and she had to obey him.
3.The parents were also the reason that made Tess a victim.First,Tess’s father drunk after the “good news” made Tess went to deliver the beehive,and lost the lorse.Tess’s mother often putting pressure on Tess,and demanded her to find their relatives，and to marry a rich man there,hoping this can change their life conditions.She was a mother who didn’t care much about her daughter,who complained a lot in her life.【德伯家的苔丝英文版】
Ⅱ A victim of her marrage.
When comes to Tess’s marrage,the two men named Angel and Alec will appear，these two men changed Tess’s life completely.
1. Alec thought that women are the playthings of the men,he had more desire on Tess’s body more than her spirit’boring Tess wherever she was.When he first met Tess and after Tess left for home,he said”Well, I'm damned! What a funny thing! Ha-ha-ha! And what a crumby girl!” The first time they met,Alec fell in love with her.
2. Angel is quite different from Alec,he regarded Tess as his god,so pure,so ideal,but not on the reality. “It is not me, but another woman like me that he loved, he says. ”That is the reason why Angel felt that he didn’t love Tess,but a kind of image when Tess told her past and begged for his forgive after their marriage.
3.When Angel came back from Brazil and wanted to find Tess,he found that Tess was merried with Alec,at last,When she quarreled with each other,Tess killed Alec ,ran away and had several happy days with Angel,then she was punished to death.
Ⅲ A victim of the society
All the hardships happened to Tess had deep relationship with the society.Peoples’ believe,the law and so on.
1.After the Industry Revolution,the modes of business operation of capitalism appeared in the countryside，the introduce of the new machines made the peasant had no place to earn money,rich people exploit poor people.In the novel that Tess’s workplace—dairy is one of the portrayal of that time.
2.Tess’s father’s death made their condition worse,they inherit nothing from their father except poverty.
3.The dark of the society making women at a lower place,so they were easily to be bait by others.
Reference:
1. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central
Compilation & Translation Press,2004.
Li Jian, Yuanjing. The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess［J］. Journal of
Daqing Teachers’ College, 2005. 2.
德伯家的苔丝Tess of the d’Urbervilles 英文读书报告 经典
德伯家的苔丝英文版(三)【德伯家的苔丝英文版】
Tess of the d’Urbervilles
In Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy has directly satirized nature. This novel revealed the tragedy of lower classes’ destiny and flayed hypocritical gentlemen and morals. In this novel, Hardy demonstrated his deep sense of moral sympathy for England’s lower classes, particularly for women. The novel, which indicated the tendency of anti-religious sentiments, against feudal morality and the laws of capitalists, was warmly received by the reading public though British upper class was bitter against it.
In the novel, Thomas Hardy succeeded in portraying an artistic image- Tess. There were sensitivity and beauty to her that have nothing to do with looks. Her beauty is not kind of stunning beauty, but the more you approach to her, you will be more likely to indulge in her beauty. Although she is not an orthodox believer, she has her own pure pursuits of life and living criteria. Her integrated image of kindness and tenderness, tough-minded and plainness should own her a happy life. But it seems that God leaves her out.
Alec in the novel is the son of a Manor owner, being dissolute and flirtatious in conduct; however, generally, he is not essentially a bad man. His strong desire to Tess is out of a sort of inherently desire and desire for possession.It’s very normal for such a young man.But he adopts a wrong way-he abducts Tess. He would like to take a part of responsibility of his behavior but Tess turn down his suggestion without hesitation. Tess’s self-respect can’t allow herself bend down to harm. Such a pure girl, should be so strong-mind to bear neighbor’s discrimination and secular pressure and to take the consequences by herself. She has never asked Alec for help even when she is driven to the last ditch. Finally, Tess chooses to leave for another village where her past is not known and secures a job as a milkmaid at Talbothays Dairy. She escapes from the old environment, meanwhile, prepares to make a new start. She fears a romantic love, at the same time, strongly looks forward to it. Anyway, she is only 21years old, she has the right to enjoy the pleasure that love can bring to her.There, she re-encounters Angel Clare who is eager for nature and full of dreams, is Tess’s Prince Charming, one of unfinished dreams in her girlhood. As for Angel Clare, Tess is part of his persistent vision. What he wants is a pure girl
to be his wife. Such a match made in heaven will certainly wipe out spark of love.However, the process of their love is filled with difficulties and hardship. Tess, who is pure in mind, is tightly tided by worldly views so that she thinks she can’t marry to Clare for her unclean body. All the time she is hesitating about, bearing a keen pressure of sentiment and intellect, weather should her tell Angel about her past without reserve.The pain that Angel suffers in the pursuit of Tess is far away from Tess’s inner struggle. She could not confessto her lover for being terrified of losing him. And she could not give up the happiness within her grasp to refuse Clare against her will.
At their wedding night, Angel confesses that he once had a brief affair with an older woman. When she hears this story, Tess feels sure that Angel will forgive her own indiscretion, and finally tells about her relationship with Alec. But things go contrary to her wishes. Angel, however, is appalled by Tess’s confession. His love to Tess is based on the sky garden of pure tower. Once the base is deprived, his love will collapse. His love is too fragile and vulnerable.Finally, he leaves for Brazil, leaving Tess alone, no messages, no letters and never back again. Tess has waiting for him eight years but can’t win back his hearts. When he realizes his heart, everything is too late. Tess has married to Alec after a long hopeless waiting. Afterwards, when Angel back, on the one hand, Tess felt happy, for her long waiting has come to an end. But on the other hand, she was more distressful and could not control her abhor to Alec. Thus, she killed the man who had destroyed her life.
Though, Tess and Angel have spent the five happy days, her life is ended in revenge for love. But she is quiet when she faces the people coming to arrest her. She says,”I was ready.”I know that Tess is happy at the last moment of her life. Because it’s her hope to be with the man who she loves sincerely and there is no need for her to worry about Angel’s despise.
Tess, such a pretty and virtuous girl, should have led a happy and peaceful life, but God, “the president of the moral” plays a joke on her. The real tragedy is to display the process of ruining the perfection. Tess’s fate is a good representation.
德伯家的苔丝读后感英文版
德伯家的苔丝英文版(四)
she was seduced by a so-called gentleman?alec， and from then on her life totally changed from this loss of innocence。 people looked down on her and respected her no more。 actually she did nothing wrong because before she was seduced she knew nothing of men。 she was just a girl when she first met that terrible man。德伯家的苔丝读后感英文版。
she was forced by the gossips and the church to blame herself for this accident， so she thought she deserved nothing good。 in order to get rid of the past she decided to go to a distant dairy farm but was still saying to herself that she was wrong。 maybe god didn?t agree with that， because the lord gave her someone she loved with her whole heart and life?angel chare。 angel popped the question to her but she refused him without saying why。 she said she loved him deeply and perhaps no one in the world could love him more than she did but she could not marry him for some unspoken reason。 angel wasn?t satisfied with this vague answer and did his best to win tess。 somehow she agreed and they soon fixed the wedding day。德伯家的苔丝读后感英文版。 soon after their wedding angel confessed the crime he mitted to a woman long time ago and asked for tess?s forgiveness。 tess was not at all angry and forgave angel at once; in fact she was rather happy and excited for she also had things to confess。
she sat and told everything to angel， hoping he would forgive her as he was forgiven but she was wrong。 she was not forgiven， not as she thought she was。 the woman pays。
without angel?s love， nothing meant anything to her。 the result wasn?t important now。 tess was arrested for her murder of that so-called gentleman。 why? she still loved angel and when he finally went back to her and asked for her forgiveness， after he regretted what he had done unfair to tess， she was desperate。 that was too late?alec had always told tess that angel would never e back so he won tess?s trust。 unluckily angel did e back and found tess。! everything was too late!
tess was deceived and she lost angel for the second time! the strengh of her love was so strong that she had forgotten the difference between right and wrong。 before that she had done nothing wrong but when she killed alec， everything really changed! she became a criminal! how could it be? she was as pure and innocent as the good wife in the bible。 her whole character was honest and faithful。 angel figured out at last that a person should be judged not only on what he has done but also on what he wanted to do!
tess didn?t want to be seduced by man and she had no power to defend herself so she lost her innocence and that?s all! angel also did the wrong thing and it was even more serious than tess?s crime but he was not blamed for it。 why it is always the woman who pays? why they are always hurt? why was tess?s girlish purity lost? why does the wrong man take the wrong woman? why do the bad often ruin the good? why is beauty damaged by ugliness? women are too weak! thousands of years of history have shown us that women have always been treated unfairly!
in old china there was a culture， which didn?t think of women as human beings。 ()if you asked one if he was the oldest in his family， he would probably answer ?the oldest one? even if he had some elder sisters。 if you asked why then he would say， ?ha， they are not included!?
people gave birth to many girls in order to have only one boy to keep the family name going。 they thought girls had no use for the family。 they would be married and go to live with their husbands? home and be their wives some day sooner or later。 so they were extremely hard on girls。
girls should be hard working， faithful，loyal， intelligent， and virtuous and the most important thing was she must be a maiden! if her husband was the first man who touched her then she was a good girl， a good wife no matter how she thought。 if she wasn?t， then she would gain a very bad reputation and nobody would dare to go near her。 what about men? people did not care whether he was an experienced man or not， nor did they care about his character。 they thought man equals power and power equals rights?
now let?s not be so bitter。 nowadays women?s situations have bee much better。 some are because of the change of society and some are because of civilization。 just let those poor painful women like tess be just a memory。
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