【www.guakaob.com--美国留学】
美剧十大口音帝：他们的英语骗过你了吗(组图)
摘要：美剧里的演员大腕儿们可不一定就是美国人，他们"修饰"过的美式口音有没有骗过你呢？一起来看下。
美剧荧屏上的英国和澳洲演员们——他们为了饰演美国佬，可是在口音上下了不少功夫！虽然的模仿水平参差不齐，但是足以迷惑我们这些观众了。来看看哪几位深藏不露的英澳演员是你之前根本没有发现的！
Ed Westwick: Chuck Bass on Gossip Girl
1、Ed Westwick: Chuck Bass on Gossip Girl 艾德．维斯特维克：恰克。巴斯——《八卦天后》
When Ed Westwick purrs, “I’m Chuck Bass” on Gossip Girl, you wouldn’t guess that the 24
-year-old actor playing a billionaire Upper
East Side playboy actually hails from Stevenage, England。当艾德在《八卦天后》中拽拽地说出“我是恰克。巴斯”的时候，我们看到的分明是一个坐拥亿万家产的上东区纨绔子弟，谁会料到这名演员实际上是来自英国的斯蒂文治呢？
摘要：美剧里的演员大腕儿们可不一定就是美国人，他们"修饰"过的美式口音有没有骗过你呢？一起来看下。
Hugh Laurie: Dr. Gregory House on House M.D。
2、Hugh Laurie: Dr. Gregory House on House M.D. 休。劳瑞：格利高里．豪斯——《豪斯医生》
Hugh Laurie’s American accent as cantankerous Dr. House on the FOX medical drama of the same name is so spot on that we were blown away when we found out he’s actually from Oxford, England. Our off-the-wall diagnosis? Mad talent.What are we going to do when Hugh hangs up his stethoscope at the end of the show’s current — and final — season?休。劳瑞在福克斯电视台的医务剧中扮演脾气暴躁的豪斯医生。
他说得一口无懈
可击的美式英语，因此当我们发现他其实是来自英国牛津时，不禁对他佩服得五体投地。再加上那些独辟蹊径的诊断，他真不愧是一名鬼才！唉，当剧集完结，休永远地收起他的听诊器的时候，我们该怎么办呐！
摘要：美剧里的演员大腕儿们可不一定就是美国人，他们"修饰"过的美式口音有没有骗过你呢？一起来看下。
Simon Baker: Patrick Jane on The Mentalist
3、Simon Baker: Patrick Jane on The Mentalist 西蒙。贝克：派翠克．简——《超感神探》
Simon Baker shows no signs of an accent as homicide investigation consultant Patrick Jane on The Mentalist, a role he’s played since 2008. We’re not the only ones who think the Aussie hunk is spot-on: He’s been nominated for an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe, and a SAG Award for his work on the show。西蒙。贝克自08年起便在美剧《超感神探》中饰演谋杀案顾问派翠克．简，在剧中他的真实口音无迹可寻！
不单单只有我们认同这名澳洲帅哥无
懈可击的表现：他在剧中的出色表演曾获得过艾美奖、金球奖以及影视演员协会奖提名！
摘要：美剧里的演员大腕儿们可不一定就是美国人，他们"修饰"过的美式口音有没有骗过你呢？一起来看下。
Anna Torv: Olivia Dunham on Fringe
4、Anna Torv: Olivia Dunham on Fringe 安娜。托芙：奥利维亚．德纳姆——《迷离档案》
Anna Torv is yet another Australian beauty on the small screen. The blond actress has investigated bizarre
happenings as uber-driven FBI agent Olivia Dunham on Fringe since 2008 — but her carefully honed American accent is no sci-fi mystery。安娜。托芙是美剧荧屏上的又一名澳洲美人。自08年起，这名金发演员便在《迷离档案》中扮演雷厉风行的FBI探员奥利维亚．德纳姆，调查各种奇异事件。不过她那经过精心雕琢的美式发音可不是什么神秘谜团哦。
摘要：美剧里的演员大腕儿们可不一定就是美国人，他们"修饰"过的美式口音有没有骗过你呢？一起来看下。
Ryan Kwanten: Jason Stackhouse on True Blood
5、Ryan Kwanten: Jason Stackhouse on True Blood 瑞恩。科万腾：杰森．斯塔克豪斯——《真爱如血》
Bon Temps simpleton Jason Stackhouse is already smokin’ (by virtue of his amazing body, not his brains)， so Ryan Kwanten’s hot factor only increases when you find out the Sydney-born True Blood actor has a sexy Australian accent in real life。良辰镇的愣头青杰森．斯塔克豪斯已经足够惹火了(当然这是拜他的身材所赐，而非他的智商)，因此当你得知这名悉尼出生的《真爱如血》明星瑞恩。科万腾在现实生活中拥有一口性感的澳洲口音时，恐怕会觉得他更加火辣了吧！
摘要：美剧里的演员大腕儿们可不一定就是美国人，他们"修饰"过的美式口音有没有骗过你呢？一起来看下。
1、In the sport of polo, how many riders make up each team?
A、3
B、4
C、8
D、12【victoria和lord,m】
Answer：B
2、Who won Wimbledon Men’s Singles Championship in 1977?
A、John McEnroe
B、Arthur Ashe
C、Boris Becker
D、Bjorn Borg
Answer：D
3、What was the first city to reach a population of one million?
A、Beijing
B、London
C、New York
D、Rome
Answer：D
4、The addition of two numbers results in the
A、average.
B、difference.
C、product.
D、sum.
Answer：D
5、What is the most spoken language in the world?
A、Arabic
B、English
C、Mandarin
D、Spanish
Answer：C
6、In March of 2011, which fast-food chain passed McDonald's to be the world's largest?
A、Subway
B、Burger King
C、Starbucks
D、Taco Bell
Answer：A
7、If you want to check your engine's RPM, which guage would you check?
A、Speedometer
B、Odometer
C、Tachometer
D、Pedometer
Answer：C
8、Which punk-rocker appeared in Simple Plans's song I'd Do Anything?
A、Billie Joe Armstrong
B、Jordan Pundik
C、Mark Hoppus
D、Travis Barker
Answer：C
9、What game system first offered online gaming?
A、Sony Playstation
B、Sony Playstation 2
C、Sega Dreamcast
D、Nintendo GameCube
Answer：C
10、What was the 45th video to air on MTV?
A、Heart of Glass
B、Is It You
C、One Step Ahead
D、Tusk
Answer：B
11、Who was the first third-party publisher of video games?
A、Accolade
B、Activision
C、Capcom
D、Electronic Arts
Answer：B
12、Grabbing the third star at the end of a level in Super Mario Bros. 3 results in a
A、1-UP.
B、3-UP.
C、5-UP.
D、10-UP.
Answer：C
13、Which language is written in five scripts?
A、Hindi
B、Urdu
C、Konkani
D、Telugu
Answer：C
14、What is the product of 5 and 5?
A、25
B、10
C、1
D、7.5
Answer：A
15、What does the p stand for in 1080p?
A、Progressive
B、Polarized
C、Projected
D、Protected
Answer：A
16、It is impossible for type O+ baby to have a type _______ mother.
A、O+
B、O-
C、AB-
D、A+
Answer：C
17、Mageiricophobia is the fear of
A、carpet.
B、cooking.
C、magic.
Answer：B
18、Which period of pregnancy does lactation begin?
A、Birth
B、1st trimester
C、2nd trimester
D、3rd trimester
Answer：C
19、If you have myopic vision, you are
A、color blind.
B、near-sighted.
C、far-sighted.
D、blind in one eye.
Answer：B
20、What is the normal range of pH for blood?
A、6.8-7.0
B、6.9-7.1
C、7.0-7.2
D、7.35-7.45
Answer：D
21、Which Major League Baseball player set a record in the 1940s for being the oldest rookie player?
A、Gaylord Perry
B、Minnie Minoso
C、Satchel Paige
D、Bobo Newsom
Answer：C
22、In what country was AIDS first recognized?
A、USA
B、Africa
C、France
D、Brazil
Answer：A
23、Puerto Vallarta, Mexico is on the coast of which ocean?
A、Atlantic
B、Indian【victoria和lord,m】
C、Pacific
D、Does not have a coast.
Answer：C
24、What was the first full-length movie produced by Walt Disney?
A、Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
B、Peter Pan
C、Alice in Wonderland
D、Cinderella
Answer：A
25、What is a cricket ball made of?
A、Cork
B、Rubber
C、Wood
Answer：A
26、Which state is 2nd to Alaska in having the largest shoreline?
A、California
B、Florida
C、Michigan
D、Mississippi
Answer：C
27、Which was the first cartidge-based video game system?
A、Atari VCS
B、ColecoVision
C、Fairchild Channel F(VES)
D、Magnavox Odyssey 2
Answer：C
28、How many musicians must a band have to be considered a big band?【victoria和lord,m】
A、5
B、10
C、15
D、20
Answer：B
29、What is the square root of 16?
A、2
B、4
C、8
D、16
Answer：B
30、Which fraction is the largest?
A、1/2
B、1/5
C、7/8
D、9/16
Answer：C
驾驶员试题网 驾校一点通
31、What is the main ingredient in grits?
A、Corn
B、Rice
C、Soybeans
D、Wheat
Answer：A
32、How many carats is pure gold?
A、12
B、20
C、24
D、32
Answer：C
33、Which word is a pronoun?
A、Red
B、They
D、Fast
Answer：B
34、Which RAID provides a fault tolerance of two drive failures?
A、RAID 2
B、RAID 3
C、RAID 5
D、RAID 6
Answer：D
35、Which country will you find the Dolomites mountian range?
A、Italy
B、Russia
C、China
D、Canada
Answer：A
36、Which computer was used as the world's first web server?
A、Dell
B、IBM
C、NeXT
D、Sun
Answer：C
37、Where did Ferdinand Marcos die?
A、Manila
B、Honolulu
C、Palayan
D、Quezon
Answer：B
38、Which two cities have hosted the most Super Bowls?
A、Miami and Dallas
B、Los Angeles and Atlanta
C、New Orleans and Miami
D、San Francisco and New Orleans
Answer：C
39、When did Mattel start making collectible Barbies?
A、1986
B、1980
C、1974
D、1954
Answer：A
40、In what Kemko game do you play as a man named Ace Harding?
A、Deja Vu
B、The Uninvited
C、Shadowgate
D、Rescue: The Embassy Mission
Answer：A
41、What was the name of the Brady's dog in The Brady Bunch?
A、Tiger
B、Timmy
C、Toby
布里斯班港
一、港口简介
布里斯班港（Port of Brisbane）是澳大利亚昆士兰州的最大港口，也是澳大利亚第三大港口。源出布里斯班－库亚尔山脉、全长344公里 的布里斯班河，从布里斯班城市中间穿过，注入大海。城市中心距河口19公里，内河航道水深11米，可通航大吨位海轮。如今，布里斯班已发展为澳大利亚重要的铁路、公路和海运交通中心，输出羊毛、谷物、奶制品、肉类制品、矿砂、煤炭等。
布里斯班港的发展重点放在布里斯班河口的渔夫岛上，港口占地1780公顷，已成为一个拥有集装箱码头、散货码头的综合性深水港口。布里斯班港务局始建于1994年，其产权、经营权和管理权均归澳大利亚昆士兰州政府所有，由港务局把码头建成后租给私人的港务公司去经营。通往渔夫岛港区的专用公路设卡收费，每辆车收2.5澳元（约合15元人民币）。渔夫岛港区码头线总长7500米，货轮泊位30多个，其中有集装箱码头泊位8个，水深14米；油码头泊位6个，水深14.3米；另有棉花和木材泊位1个，散杂货和粮食码头泊位1个，杂货码头泊位7个，煤炭和水泥码头泊位1个，化工产品和肥料码头泊位2个，食糖码头泊位1个，水产品码头泊位1个，修理备用码头泊位1个，水深也均在13米以上。
二、作业条件
布里斯班港装卸设备有各种岸吊、集装箱吊、可移式吊、装粮机、皮带传送机及滚装设施等。装卸效率：装煤每小时2000吨，矿砂每天装8000吨，粮食每小时装2200吨。谷物仓库容量达5.7万吨。自1994年7月开始，船舶挂靠该港所发生的费用比挂靠悉尼港低20％，比挂靠墨尔本港则低36％，成为澳大利亚最有竞争力的港口。上海远洋运输公司最近加强了对澳大利亚东南海岸的航线，每月增加到3个班次的集装箱船开往本港。1994年集装箱吞吐量达22.8万TEU，比1993年增长6.8％，1992年货物吞吐量达1700万吨。主要进出口货物为羊毛、肉类、糖、铜、锡、粮谷、煤、石油、水泥、化肥等。在节假日中圣诞节、耶稣受难日、复活节、劳动节和野餐节等停止作业。
布里斯班港2005年的集装箱吞吐量是72.6万标准箱，占澳大利亚集装箱吞吐总量的18%；货物吞吐总量2600万吨，是全国增长速度最快的港口。布里斯班港建有一个全自动化的集装箱堆场，采用7台跨运车堆二过三的作业方式，跨运车用GPS自动定位。出口集装箱由铁路集运到港口，进口集装箱则以公路疏运到各地。从布里斯班港出口的煤炭每年
有500万吨左右，都是优质煤，主要出口到中国、印度。但由于受到铁路能力的限制，煤炭的出口量已达饱和。
布里斯班港渔夫岛港区是布里斯班港口的生产中心，也是布里斯班港务管理机构的所在地。布里斯班港把码头集中到了渔夫岛，与市区尤其是住宅区保持着相当距离，以避免不必要的交通堵塞。同时，布里斯班河口平均水深都在13米以上，可减少额外的疏浚费用，由此降低了港口作业成本，提高了港口的市场竞争力。
根据布里斯班港务当局制订的发展战略，预计到2025年，货物吞吐量将上升到5500万吨。作为澳大利亚第三大集装箱港口的布里斯班，由于在地理位置上最接近亚洲市场和国际贸易航线，近几年与集装箱相关的码头基础设施、仓储、堆场、运输网络、物流配送中心等发展迅速。目前，正在加紧开发扩建集装箱码头，用疏浚河道挖出的泥沙，在渔夫岛东北部吹填出230公顷土地。布里斯班港务当局十分重视港口环境保护，设有专门的环保部门和土地保护部门，定期监测大气和海水的污染指标，在港区周围限制工业的发展。在渔夫岛规划建港时，特意保留了候鸟栖息的大片湿地，我们在港区接待屋前面的人造湖泊中看到了大量的野生天鹅在那里聚集，实现了港区生产与自然环境的和谐。
二、纽卡斯尔港
一、港口简介
纽卡斯尔港是世界上最大的煤炭出口港，煤炭出口量占该港口总出口量的90%以上。作为澳大利亚最古老的港口，纽卡斯尔也是一个重要的散货港口，经营有谷物，植物油，铝，化肥，矿石浓缩物等等。
纽卡斯尔的猎人港在船舶贸易方面是新南威尔士州的第二大港，澳大利亚第七大港。 近些年，纽卡斯尔港在杂货贸易方面也取得了显著发展，尤其是在铝、钢、机械等方面，已经成为当地工业接受货物的重要港口。出口产品包括煤、铁、小麦、羊毛和冻肉。
二、地理状况
纽卡斯尔处于澳大利亚东部海岸猎人河河口，南纬32.56度，东经151.46度的位置。 该港属温带海洋性气候，盛行西南风，多阴云雨雾，冬季尤甚。年平均气温在10～20℃左右。全年平均降雨量约900mm。平均潮差：大潮高潮为5m，低潮为0.7m；小潮高潮为3.9m，低潮为1.8m。
澳大利亚新南威尔士州的猎人河畔，坐落着一座工业城市－纽卡斯尔，纽卡斯尔也是一座港口城市，位于悉尼以北157 公里/98 英里。
三、作业条件
纽卡斯尔港口的装卸设备有各种岸吊、抓斗吊、汽车吊、重吊、浮吊、码头拖车、叉车及滚装设施等。浮吊在18.6m的半径内能起重150吨。
码头最大可靠4万载重吨的船舶。煤炭码头有带抓斗的门机，最大装卸能力为6000吨，并有SWL型码头门机，配有容积为10m∧<3>的抓斗。重货码头可将重508吨的货物装上船。矿石每小时装1000吨，面粉每小时卸203吨。码头有中转货棚面积约1万m∧<2>。粮谷仓库约10万吨。主要出口货物为煤炭、谷物、机器、燃油、纺织品、沥青、拖拉机及钢铁制品等，进口货物主要有矿石、木材、大麻、亚麻、水果、蔬菜、纸浆、柴油、啤酒及化工品等。1992年货物吞吐量达4471万吨。该港企业区设在纽卡斯尔工业区内，规模较小，可豁免土地发展税、允许外资百分之百地投资以及各种呈报到政府的手续减少到最低限度。
纽卡斯尔港口集团服务范围包括，船只交易信息中心（VTIC）管理，船只导航，航道疏通，测量等等。其他港口服务则由另外的机构负责。
纽卡斯尔港口规定，船只必须领港。直升机接送导航员，引航船处理运输作业，导航员则在入港处的南部海滩的导航台里实施导航作业。
三、 墨尔本港
位于澳大利亚东南部维多利亚州（VICTORIA）南部沿海的亚拉（Yarra River）河口的墨尔本市，在菲利普港湾（PORT PHILLIP BAY）北侧的霍布森斯（HOBSONS）湾内，是澳大利亚最大的现代化港口，也是澳大利亚东南地区羊毛、肉类、水果及谷物的输出港，也是重要的国际贸易港口。
墨尔本是澳大利亚第二大城市，是维多利亚州的首府，也是澳大利亚的工业重镇。墨尔本港是墨尔本工业和贸易的重要支援设施。
该港属亚热带季风气候。全年平均气温在12-25度左右。全年平均降雨量约1200mm。平均潮差：大潮升3米，小潮升2.2米。港区主要码头如下：
码头类别 泊位(个） 岸线长(m) 最大水深（m)
GENERAL AND BULK 23 4416 10.7 CARGO（散、杂货）
CONTAINER（集装箱） 18 3597 13.1
OIL QUAY（油码头） 9 1849 11.8装卸设备有各种岸吊、抓斗吊、浮吊、集装箱吊及滚装设施等。其中浮吊的最大起重能力达250吨。码头上有铁路线、油罐火车可直达码头。有4万平方米的堆场用于进口木材和汽车。在墨尔
本的总贸易量中有大约62%实现了集装箱化，该港有四大国际集装箱码头，（1）斯旺松（SWANSON）码头，建于60年代，占地146万平方米，分东西两个码头，最大水深13.1m,并拥有45吨的集装箱吊。（2）维布（WEBB）码头，建于50年代，占地26万平方米，有5个集装箱泊位，最大水深11.2m。主要装卸外贸集装箱。（3）维多利亚（VICTORIA）码头，建于80年代，日前已新建滚装泊位，最大水深9.4m，拥有36吨单臂起重机。（4）阿普尔通（APPLETON）码头，为两家公司的专用码头，最大水深10.7m，用于集装箱和滚装货。大船锚地在离岸约0.6n mile处，最大水深达15m。1994年墨尔本集装箱吞吐量达802.2万TEU。主要出口货物有羊毛、水果、肉类、皮革、谷物、奶制品、废钢、汽车及其零件、石油制品及杂货等，进口货物主要有原油、钢铁、木材、石油制品及杂货等。在节假日中如经协商同意，可以安排作业，但应缴付额外费用。
英美文学
英国文学 复习资料
文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧dramaOrigin起源：Christianity 基督教 → bible 圣经 Myth 神话 The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)
1、这个时期的文学作品分类： pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)
2、代表作： The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》 ( national epic 民族史诗 ) 采用了隐喻手法
3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）
二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期
Canto 诗章
1、romance 传奇文学
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 Geoffrey Chaucer :the father of English poetry） heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter (五步抑扬格) .
4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣 ：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)
四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期
（Greek and Roman） 戏剧 drama 诗章 canto
humanism 人文主义： admire human beauty and human achievement
Thomas More: 乌托邦
Thomas Wyatt: 引入十四行诗的第一人
sonnet(十四行诗)：form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in 14 lines iambic pentameter Edmund Spense: poet’s poet(诗人中的诗人) ) (epic poem 史诗)
Christopher Marlowe: blank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
6)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚 戏剧 drama
四大悲剧：Hamlet，Othello，King Lear，The Tragedy of Macbeth
prose 散文
1、文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.
Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根 第一个散文家(essayist)
John Donne : “metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物
sonnet 十四行诗 《Death be not proud》(笔记)
作品特点：① strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘)
John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人 （ poem 诗歌 blank verse ）
《Paradise Lost》 “Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人 《Paradise Regained》 John Bunyan 约翰.拜扬 a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(寓言)” 《Pilgrim’s Progress》
该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式), medieval form of allegory(比喻)
and dream”
The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动
2、18th century 文学的三个方面：
Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)
3、代表人物：
1)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 realistic novel 现实主义小说 《》
2)、Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁 father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)
《The History of Tom Jones, a foundling》弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事
3)、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特 反讽
4)、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查森 《》帕美勒 The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法 （In the form of letters 书信体小说 ）
5)、Richard B. Sheridan 理查德.B.谢尔丹 造谣学校，喜剧 comedy
6)、Oliver Goldsmith’s 奥利佛.哥尔德斯密斯 散文作家 essayist
《The Vicar of Wakefield》威克菲尔德的牧师，小说 novel
《She Stoops to Conquer》委曲求全，欢乐喜剧 rollicking comedy
《The Deserted Village》荒村，诗歌 poems
4、Sentimentalism 感伤主义 no belief 没有信仰
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.
Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷 《Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard》墓园挽歌
the Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义
散文 prose
1、前浪漫主义代表人物：William Blake 威廉.布莱克 诗人 poet
Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯 苏格兰诗人 poet
Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution 开始的标志：beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s 《Lyrical Ballads》 从威廉.华兹华斯发表的"抒情歌谣"开始4、lake poets(湖畔诗人)：Coleridge Southey Wordsworth
1)、William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯 poet-laureate (桂冠诗人)
《The Prelude》序曲 自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry
With S.T.coleridge, they jointly published the “Lyrical Ballads”. 与s.t.coleridge一起,联合发表了“抒情民谣”
2)、Lord Byron：（cantos诗章）唐璜 （poem）
3)、Percy Bysshe Shelley： （drama）（poem）
4)、John Keats：poet 诗人 《To a Nightingale》致夜莺 poem “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”
5)、Walter Scott 沃特.斯科特 He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel.
6)、Jane Austen ：、、
Critical Realism 批判现实主义 ，Victorian Period 维多利亚时期 humanism
1)、Charles Dickens ：
2)、Charlotte Bronte：3)、Emily Bronte：Mr. Heathcliff）
4)、Anne Bronte: 5)、William Makepeace Thackeray: 人物：Rebecca Sharp — a perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair as her only aspiration in life is to gain wealth and position by and means.
6)、George Eliot 乔治.艾略特
桂冠诗人(poet-laureate)：
1)、Alfred Tennyson 2)、Robert Browning: (Dramatic monologues 戏剧独白)
The transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature
1、Aestheticism 唯美主义 “art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术
Thomas Hardy ：Pessimists 《Tess of the D’Urbervilles》 苔丝 《Jude the obscure》裘德 novel
2)、Oscar Wilde “art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术
3)、George Bernard Shaw ：(playwright) 4)、D. H. Lawrence：查泰莱夫人的情人、3、 “stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物：
1)、Virginia Woolf 《Mrs. Dalloway》 《A Room of One’s Own》
2)、James Joyce 《Ulysses》
Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 超验主义, 一种文学和哲学运动，与拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生和玛格丽特•富勒有关，宣称存在一种理想的精神实体，超越于经验和科学之处，通过直觉得以把握
Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十四行诗体, 一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。
Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学
Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科
Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学
Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.词法，词态学，形态音位学, 语言或某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究，包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成
morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 词素, 一种含有一个单词的有意义的语言单位，如 -ed在单词 walked中，不能被划分为更小的有意义单位 Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 语言中最小的语音单位，如英语里 mat中的 m和 bat中的 b
affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant辅音 followed by a fricative摩擦; for example, the initial sounds of child and joy. 塞擦音由闭塞音伴随着摩擦音而形成的复杂的语音；例如 child和 joy的第一个音Also called: affricative.
allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the Englishplural morpheme. 语素变体, 语素的一种变体形式，如语音学的中之 s在 cats中，z在 dogs中，和 iz在 horses中，还有 en在 oxen中都是英语复数语素的语素变体.
polysemy: 一词多义
hypotaxis: 从属关系
parataxis: 并列结构，指 短语或分句间不用连词， 如：I came, I saw, I conquered.
1. Simile:明喻 A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).
2. Metaphor: 暗喻A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare)
3.Analogy:It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.类比
4. Personification:拟人 It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions
5. Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".
6.Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个“红领巾”也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。
7.Synecdoche: 提喻It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there’s bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
Pun:It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)/ Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I
am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役
8. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修饰法, 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在 震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观 cruel kindness
9. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸张法,一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重
10. onomatopoeia: 象声词The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate
the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. 象声词, 词的构成或用法，例如 buzz或 nurmur模仿事物或行动的声音.
人文知识练习1
__1__Where is Edinburgh?
A In Wales B In Scotland C In Northern Ireland D In Ireland __2__ Which of the following is Not a U.S. news and cable network?
A ABC B CNN C CBS D BBC
__3__The Capital of Australia is __.
A Sydney B Melbourne C Canberra D Perth
__4__ Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States?
A Master’s degree B Doctor’s degree
C Bachelor’s degree D Associate’s degree
__5__ George Bernard Shaw was a(n) __.
A playwright B poet C novelist D essayist
__6__ John Galsworthy was most famous for__.
A Heart of Darkness B Ulysses
C The Forsyste Saga D A Passage to India
__7__ The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by__.
A Henry James B O. Henry
C Harriet Beccher Stower D Mark Twain
__8__The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in condition is__.
A morphology B general linguistics C phonology D semantics __9__Which of the following is NOT a compound word?
A Landlady B Greenhouse C Uplift D Unacceptable
__10__ The word holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any which we don’t have to work. This is an example of __.
A meaning shift B widening of meaning
C narrowing of meaning D loss of meaning
人文知识练习2
（05年真题）
__1__ The study of __ is Syntax.
A textual organization B sentence structures
C word formation D language functions
__2__ Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?
A arbitrariness B productivity
C cultural transmission D finiteness
__3__ The speech act theory was first put forward by__.
A John Scarl B Johan Austin
C Noarn Chomsky D M.A.K Halliday
__4__ The capital city of Canada is __.
A Montreal B Ottawa C Vancouver D York
__5__ U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.
A eight-year B four-year C six-year D two year __6__ Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.
A Huston B Baltimore C Philadelphia D Boston __7__The state church in England is __.
A The Baptist B The Roman Catholic
C The Protestant Church D The Church of England
__8__ The novel Emma is written by__.
A Jane Austen B Elizabeth
C Gaskell C Charlotte Bronte D Mary Shelley
__9__ Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?
A William Wordsworth B Percy B. Shelley
C George G. Byron D George Eliot
__10__ William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.
A his poem B his plays
C His novels D his short stories
人文知识练习1
答案：1-5 BDCDA 6-10 CDCDB
1. 选B. Wales的首府为Cardiff, Scotland的首府为Edinburgh. Northern Ireland的首府Belfast, Ireland的首府为Dublin.
2. 选 D。 BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司, ABC=American Broadcasting Company, Inc美国广播公司; CNN= Cable News Network美国有线广播公司, CBS= Columbia Broadcasting System哥伦比亚广播公司
3. 选C。Sydney第一城市, 位于New South Wales州；Melbourne第二大城市位于Victoria州，Canberra位于Sydney与Melbourne之间；Perth位于Australia州
4. 选D。 Associate’s degree是准学士学位 （喵猜这个相当我们说的大专吧）
5. 选A。George Bernard Shaw (英国，萧伯纳)，爱尔兰籍，剧作家，批评家，社会评论家，主要作品有Man and Superman, Back to Methuselah, Saint Joan <圣女贞德>，Arms and the Man, Pygmalion <卖花女>，获得1925年诺贝尔文学奖。(喵，小云的上期文学七里香就是介绍了他噢)
6. 选C。John Galsworthy（英国）,小说家，剧作家。主要作品有The Forsyte Saga<福塞特家史>，于1932年获得了诺贝尔文学奖；Heart of Darkness,作者Joseph Conrad，波兰籍英国小说家，另有Lord Jim <吉姆老爷>；Ulysses, 作者James Joyce, 爱尔兰作家Finnergans Wake《为芬尼根守灵》； A Passage to India，作者E.M. Forster,英国小说家，另有Howards End霍华德别业。
7. 选D。Mark Twain= Samuel Langhorne Clemens,作品有The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; Henry James, 主要作品有Ambassadors, The Golden Bowl; O.Henry= William Sydney Porter, 主要作品有Cabbages and Kings, Four Million; Harriet Beecher Stower, 其反奴隶制小说Uncle Tom’s Cabin，促进了废奴运动发展。
8. 选C。Linguistics语言学, the study of human language,包括 Theoretical linguistic, Applied linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Cognitive linguistics和Historical linguistics.这里主要考Theoretical linguistics.
9. 选D。是derivation.
10. 选B。 从any day就可以知道 widening of meaning.
人文知识练习2 （05年真题）
KEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD
1. 选B。 Syntax （句法），研究词或其他句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科。
2. 选D。语言的区别性特征包含有五个特征：arbitrariness(任意性)，productivity(能产性), duality（双层性） displacement,（不受时空限制｛ cultural transmission. （文化传递性）。 Arbitrariness,指一句话所表达的意思与表达这个意思的语言文字之间的关系不确定。Productivity,事实上，能产性有时也称之为创 造性，指的是人们可以构造或理解无穷多的新语句。duality, 语言结构的二重性指的一个是语音结构，另一个是语义结构。 cultural transmission指的是语言不像遗传基因那样才能代代相传，语言必须作为一个体系，必须一点一点的习得。人所要学的某一特定的语言是文化的即社会 的语言，人出生后孤立于文化或社会环境之外是无法习得语言的。
3. 选B。言语行为理论是由英国哲学家奥斯汀提出的假说。60年代，英国哲学家J•L•Austin奥斯汀和J•Searle赛尔勒先后发表了“语言行为”的 理论。根据奥斯汀的言语行为理论，当人们所处每句话时，不管其是否含有行为动词，都包含有“说”的成分和“做”的成分，即言内行为locutionary act，言外行为illocutionary act和言后行为perlocutionary act.
4. 选B。Canada的首度是Ottawa(渥太华)。Toronto（多伦多）是加拿大最大的城市；Montreal （蒙利特尔）加拿大第二城市；Vancouver（温哥华）为第三大城市。
5. 选B。美国总统大选每四年进行一次。美国法律规定每逢以4能除尽的年份的11月的第一个星期一后的星期二举行大选，选举总统和副总统，任期4年。每逢逢双的年份选举众议员，任期2年，并改选1/3的参议员，任期6年。
6. 选A。Huston （休斯顿）是位于美国南部Texas（德克萨斯州） 的城市，而Boston（波士顿） Baltimore （巴尔的摩）Philadephia（费城）都是位于美国东北部的大城市。
7. 选D。The Church of England (英国圣公会)，是英国的国家教会，是亨利八世1531年创立的，他颁布了《最高法案》，宣布国王取代教皇成为教会的首脑。英国国教会和国家的关系是一种 权利和义务的关系，国王必须是英国国教徒和教会的支持者。
8. 选A。Emma爱玛是Jane Austen简•奥斯汀的重要作品之一，描写女主人认识自身并逐渐抛开幻想的过程。奥斯汀刻意描绘的都是平常的人和事，但不乏社会关系的最深入的描写。她 正是通过对熟悉的人和事的描写展示了她所生活时代英国乡绅阶层的生活景观，如财产继承，家庭问题，教育状况，妇女地位和出路以及道德与习俗等。她的作品以 深刻清新和细致敏锐而着称，包含了超越历史时空的对人性的透视和哲理。
9. 选D。乔治•爱略特George Eliot是玛丽•安•伊万斯Mary Ann Evans的笔名，这位才女是19世纪现实主义小说的代表。William Wordsworth（威廉•华兹华斯），Percy。B Shelly（雪莱）， George G•Byron (拜伦)都是英国浪漫主义诗歌的代表。
10. 选D。O•Henry（欧•亨利）原名William Sidney Porter（威廉•西德尼•波特），美国著名短篇小说，《麦琪的礼物》是他最著名的代表作之一，称之为“或许是文学里最佳的通俗故事。”
第1篇：My dream
hello everyone!
Students, guests , teachers and Honorable Judges
Good morning !
my great pleasure to share my dream with you today. my dream is to become a teacher....
As the whole world has its boundaries, limits and freedom coexist in our life. I don’t expect complete freedom, which is impossible. I simply have a dream that supports my life.
I dream that one day, I could escape from the deep sea of thick schoolbooks and lead my own life. With my favorite fictions, I lie freely on the green grass, smelling the spring, listening to the wind singing, breathing the fresh and cool air and dissolve my soul in nature at last. Simple and short enjoyment can bring me great satisfaction.
I dream that one day the adults could throw their prejudice of comic and cartoon away. They could keep a lovely heart that can share sorrow and happiness with us while watching cartoon or doing personal things. That’s the real communication of heart to heart.
I have the belief that my dreams should come true. I am looking forward to some day coming when I am like a proud eagle, which flies to the blue and vast sky.
Thank you!
第2篇：I have a dream todayhello everyone!
I have a dream that one day every vally shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
Wow, what a dream it has been for Martin Luther King. But the changing world seems telling me that people gradually get their dreams lost somehow in the process of growing up, and sometimes I personally find myself saying goodbye unconsciously to those distant childhood dreams.
However, we meed dreams. They nourish our spirit; they represent possibility even when we are dragged down by reality. They keep us going. Most successful people are dreamers as well as ordinary people who are not afraid to think big and dare to be great. When we were little kids, we all dreamed of doing something big and splashy, something significant. Now what we need to do is to maintain them, refresh them and turn them into reality. However, the toughest part is that we often have no ideas how to translate these dreams into actions. Well, just start with concrete objectives and stick to it. Don’t let the nameless fear confuse the eye and confound our strong belief of future. Through our talents, through our wits, through our endurance and through our creativity, we will make it.
Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams, for when dreams go, life is a barren field frozen with snow. So my dear friends, think of your old and maybe dead dreams. Whatever it is, pick it up and make it alive from today.
Thank you!
第3篇：My Dreamhello everyone!
Everyone has a dream, it is everybody yearning. But the man without a dream of the life will be empty. But dreams are always with the thought of advance and change. Begin to remember, I have a dream. I hope I have money, people always ask: "boy, this is a great dream, have money, what are you going to do?" " I'm going to buy chocolate."" if you have a lot of money?" " I will buy a lot of chocolate.""
if you have money to burn?" " I'll buy chocolate factory." Indeed when we, innocent, with a kind heart, happineand joy is a constant movement. When I was young, I have a dream. I hope you can become a kite, floating in the sky, and then slowly fell down. Then in the green meadow like playing with companion, often chasing the white clouds in the sky, let the flap with laughter, do the multicolored multicoloured dream. Read, I have a dream. I hope to have a basketball; when I had time for basketball, but also want a football; when I play football, volleyball became my pursuit. Another has a dream into a reality when, in fact I believe that the dream is not far away from me, as long as childish play, will be the realization of a dream. Slowly into the primary school, middle school, high school .... Will feel more pressure there, so will not be a dream, only know that reading to die, there is no note of those happy. Remember, I have a dream. I hope that day will not have a lot of homework to do.
A bit of time to play deprived, and our day in 40% were imprisoned in the classroom, a lot of time on their study. But in the face of learning, or a vague awareness. As the saying goes," woolly-headed", understanding, also from feudalism to capitalism, the more feel it right. Start up high all the time, I have a dream, I hope I can become a top student, got many awards; home to be family praise; in school teachers have been affirmed; among the students to stand head and shoulders above others performance; in the eyes can be recognized as a good child. But, gradually, I found that to achieve this dream and cannot rely on to childish play. Later, I learned how to fight. Bustling about home from school one day, it is leisure, listen to music, eat dinner, back to school. This day very dull, perhaps sometimes put a lot of friends; sometimes miss, or a pair of sleepy driving school. Love fashion school clothing, really want to go for a walk, take a look at. Sunday's time is very short, baby I really want to make, s
lowly know life hard and dream is really too difficult, but I will work hard, to see everyone to live up early to catch up later, hold oneself no longer loose.