【www.guakaob.com--结构师考试】
十种破解难句子的语法结构
为难的话(一)
TOEFL阅读常见难句结构分析
在本节中，重点分析了十种难句结构，并分别给出了十五个左右的句子实例，希望借此让同学们通过对这些句子实例的分析，把握住这些难句结构的特点和找准突破口。众所周知，文章是由句子有机堆积而成的，所以在做阅读试题时，所谓的读不懂文章在说些什么其实就是指读不透那些难句，以至于一旦一篇阅读文章的难句数量稍微多一点，很多同学就云里雾里了。所以本节的目的就是要同学们不要雾里看花，而是要含大局于胸中，拨云见日将难句彻底掰扯明白。
2.2.1 定语从句结构
定语从句结构是阅读文章中常见的句式结构，但是由于出题者有意地将几个简单的句子，通过定语从句这种结构来构成一个复杂的长句，使得定语从句所修饰的对象变得不是非常明朗，这就使得找准其修饰的对象成了一个常常遇到却又难以把握的问题，更令人讨厌的是阅读文章的考点又往往在这里，如2001年5月、8月的阅读考题就出了不少这样的找定语从句修饰对象的题目。一般而言，找准其修饰的对象，一是要靠扎实的阅读功底，而就是要根据上下文进行的逻辑来判断。定语从句有限定性和非限定性的区别，所谓限定性就是说从句部分是主句意义中不可或缺的部分，如:There is one point where I’d like your advice.(有一点想征求你的意见.)这类从句如果拿掉剩下的部分就会意义不明.如上句将变为:There is a point.使人不明其意.在译成汉语时这类从句一般译为从句(如上句).而非限定性是说从句部分只是对主句部分起到附加说明的作用,拿掉之后其他部分仍然可以成立.如:I have many friends, some of whom can play guitar very well.(我有很多朋友,其中有些能弹一手好吉他.)这类从句译为汉语时可译为一个并列的句子(如上句)。记住定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，所以其最为重要的作用就是用来表达原因、让步、目的、假设、定义等某一种关系。所以在遇到这样的句子结构，不妨慢下速度来仔细分析一下其含义，这对把握句子所在的段落的大意是非常重要的，因为定语从句所表示的状语关系，很有可能是作者要表达的行文意图。
1. Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes.
句子解析：这个句子当中出现了由两个that和一个which引导的定语从句。第一个that用于修饰physiological mechanisms，表明后面的句子部分都是用于说明这是一个怎样的机制，而第二个that出现在第一层从句部分当中用于修饰extreme oxygen deprivation，而由which引导的非限定性定语从句出现在第二层从句当中用于修饰its longest dives并且which引导的从句主要就是为了说明这个最长的下潜到底有多长。
句子翻译：关于威德尔海豹特殊的生理机制，在实验室里对其进行的研究已做过详细的描述。该生理机制使海豹可以适应长时间的潜水时出现的极度缺氧。海豹长时间潜水时最深可达水面以下500米，时间可持续70多分钟。
2. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the
growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.
句子解析：这个句子当中只出现了一个有which引导的非限定性定语从句，但要注意的是这里修饰的不是compound-interest law而是the growth of knowledge，因为从句说的是印刷术的发明对修饰的东西起了促进的作用，促进的意思就是加速的意思而通过判断我们发现只有growth能被加速，而law规则则不能被加速，所以只能是修饰the growth of knowledge。
句子翻译：图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。知识的增长遵循了一种复利法则。由于印刷术的发明，这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。
3. The renaissance of the feminist movement began during the 1950’s led to the Stasist school, which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued that frontier women lived lives similar to the lives of women in the East.
句子解析：这个句子中只有一个由which引导的非限定性定语从句，并且这个从句是由两个并列的从句组成，从句中出现了两个关键的动词sidestepped和argued并且argued还引出了一个由that引导的宾语从句。这两个动词说明了修饰部分的两个特点：一个是避免走不是好就是坏的二分法的学术研究方法，另一个是提出了一个学术观点，由此可以看出其修饰的是Stasist school，斯塔西学派，因为女权运动的复兴不可能有这样的学术特点。
句子翻译：20世纪50年代女权运动的复兴产生了斯塔西学派，这一学派回避了好与坏的二分法，认为边境地区妇女和东部妇女过着同样的生活。
4. Tom, the book’s protagonist, took issue with a man who doted on his household pet, as a slave merchant, thought “nothing of separating the husband from the wife, the parents from the children”.
句子解析：这个句子中只有一个由who引导的定语从句，并且很容易看出其修饰的是a man，这个句子一开始就用the book’s protagonist 作为Tom的同位语，并将其主语与谓语took issue with分开造成了一定程度上阅读的不便，而as a slave merchant作为说明这个man的性质和thought后的句子内容是相辅相成的，所以从句的内容很容易通过这样的相辅相成的逻辑关系理解无误。
句子翻译：书中的主人公汤姆与一个人发生了争执。这人虽然爱家中的宠物，但作为一个奴隶贩子，却认为“拆散夫妻，让骨肉分离算不了什么”。
5. Thus, the unity that should characterize the strong system is developed by affording opportunity for diversity, which appears to be essential if education is to develop in consideration of the needs of children and youth.
句子解析：这个句子当中出现了两个定语从句，一个是以that引导的，其修饰的部分显而易见是the unity，第二个是由which引导的非限定性的定语从句，其从句说的是其修饰的
部分对于如果发展教育要考虑儿童和青年的需要来说是至关重要的。我们知道儿童和青年的特点就是其兴趣爱好广泛，其需要也就多种多样了，所以由此可以知道affording（提供）不是which修饰的部分而应该是diversity（多样性）。
句子翻译：因此，强大的教育体系所应具备的统一性这一特点是通过提供各种机会来达到的。如果发展教育要考虑儿童和青年的需要，多种机会就显得至关重要。
6. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.【为难的话】
句子解析：这个句子由三个嵌套的定语从句构成，who引导的是第一层从句，容易看出其修饰的是the child，而where引导的是第二个从句而它本身是处于第一层从句当中，其修饰的部分也很容易看出是environment，用于说明这是一个怎样的环境，而which引导的是第三个从句而它本身处于第二层从句当中，其修饰的部分也显而易见是stimuli，通过这样的分析我们可以清楚地看到由that引导的宾语从句就是experience greater intellectual development这才是suggest的核心内容。
句子翻译：行为主义者的看法是：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中长大，而这些刺激物又能培养其作出适当的反应能力，那么他就会有比较高的智力发育水平。
7. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
句子解析：在这个句子中，while引导的是一个让步状语从句，而不是通常引导的时间状语从句，表示的是“虽然”、“尽管”的意思。而且在TOEFL的考试中，while也是大多数表示的是让步状语从句，所以在遇到while时一定要根据上下文好好判断其表示的意思。另外在这个句子中还有一个that引导的定语从句，它所修饰的是one。
句子翻译：虽然有多少历史学家，就差不多有多少种历史学的定义，但现代史学家的实践大都趋向于这样一种定义，即历史学是旨在重现和解释过去重大事件的学科。
8. While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of a State’s territory, since in international law the territorial sea forms part of a State’s territory, it does represent the demarcation between that maritime area（internal waters）where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime areas（the territorial sea and other zones）where other States do enjoy certain general rights.
句子解析：在这个句子中有四个从句，第一个是由while引导的让步状语从句；第二个是由since引导的表示原因的状语从句，并且它是属于由while引导的让步状语从句的，即它是其从句；第三个和第四个都是由where引导的定语从句并且用法也都是一样的，都是对不同的maritime area的进一步说明解释。
句子翻译：尽管这条分界线并不算是国家领土的外缘边界，但是，因为在国际法中领海也是国家领土的组成部分，它的确是其他国家在其内不享有一般权利的海区（内水域）与其他国家在其中享有某些一般权利的那些海区（领海及其他区域）之间的分界线。
9. He finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.
句子解析：在这句话中，首先是一个由that引导的宾语从句，接着在其从句部分中又出现了由who引导的一个定语从句，其修饰的部分是that students；hesitate是从句中 students的谓语，其后面跟了一个由when引导的时间状语从句，并且在这个状语从句中又出现了由which引导的定语从句，其修饰的部分是area of English vocabulary and usage。
句子翻译：他发现原先比较容易教的学生现在踯躅不前了：原先比较容易教是因为他们能把交给他们的所有东西都付诸实践；现在踯躅是因为他们面对着大量的在基础教科书上所没有接触过的英语词汇和惯用法。
10. The public is unhappy about the way society is going, and its view, fueled in part by the agendists and the media, seems to be that judicial decisions unacceptable to them, regardless of the evidence or the law, will slow or change social directions.
句子解析：在这个句子中society is going是其the way的定语从句，只是这里省略了指示代词，而and后面的its其实等于的是The public’s，fueled in part by the agendists and the media是view的后置定语，在一定程度上表示原因；之后that是be的表语从句，它用于说明公众的观点是什么。
句子翻译：公众对社会发展的前景不乐观，在议事人士和新闻媒体的某种鼓励下，公众的观点似乎是：不管证据或法律，司法判决对他们来说是不可接受的，这些判决将会是延缓或者改变社会的走向。
11. The reader who peruses with some attention to the following pages will have occasion to see that both operational and mental aspects of physics have their place, but that neither should be stressed to the exclusion of the other.
句子解析：在这个句子中，一开始就用who引导了一个定语从句，它修饰的是The reader；在动词see后面跟了两个由that引导的宾语从句，并且这两个从句之间存在着因果联系的逻辑关系，而neither指代的是operational and mental aspects of physics。
句子翻译：读者如果略微仔细地阅读以下几页就会有理由认为，实验操作和思维在物理学中都有一定的地位，因而不能强调一方而忽略另一方。
12. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already
dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.
句子解析：在这个句子中，by引导了一个状语表示方式方法，接着用which引导了一个从句用于作者演讲的地点，而dedicated to the same anguish and travail用于修饰the young men and women，之后又用了一个由among whom引导的定语从句，用于说明the young men and women中的一些人会怎么样；后面用that引导了be的表语从句，用one指代青年男女中的一些人，用who引导了一个定于从句修饰one用于进一步解释说明这些人会怎么样。
句子翻译：我愿意利用这个时刻，利用这个举世瞩目的讲坛，向那些听到我讲话并已献身同一艰苦劳动的男女青年致敬。他们当中肯定有人迟早也会站到我现在所站的地方。
13. From the very day of the capitulation, by which Bismark’s prisoners had signed the surrender of France but reserved to themselves a numerous bodyguard for the express purpose of cowing Paris, Paris stood on the watch.
句子解析：这个句子的主干部分是From the very day of the capitulation, Paris stood on the watch. 而这个句子用by which作为一个定语从句用于修饰capitulation。
句子翻译：从法国投降那一天起，巴黎就严加戒备，因为屈从于俾斯麦的法国政府签约投降时，保留了一支相当庞大的军事力量，目的是为了威胁恐吓巴黎。
14. When I’m having trouble with a story and think about giving up, or when I start to feel sorry for myself and think things should be easier for me, I roll a piece of paper into that cranky old machine and type, word by painful word, just the way my mother did.
句子解析：这个句子一开始用了两个when来引导时间状语从句，它们之间是并列的逻辑关系，都表示作者的一种境遇，而my mother did用来修是the way说明这种方式到底是怎么样的，但是这里省略了指示代词。
句子翻译：每当我写文章遇到困难想放弃时，或是自叹不走运时，我就往那台破旧的打字机里卷进一张纸，像妈妈当年一样，一个字一个字吃力地打着。
15. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six month?
句子解析：在这个句子当中coming in „with his family用于修饰a 46-year-old man的，之后紧跟着用who引导了一个定语从句用于修饰a 46-year-old man，而用though引导了一个让步状语从句，作为插入语；而后面的that引导了一个定语从句修饰a form of cancer，用于说明这个癌症将会怎样。其实这个句子最为主要的部分最短，即What should doctors say。
世界上最难学的语言排行榜
为难的话(二)
世界上最难学的语言排行榜
Many languages have been claimed to be the toughest one to learn. Here follow ten candidates for the title of "hardest language to learn," as released by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. This list of 10 candidates includes an explanation as of why they made this list. Read it and find out whether these languages are worth their "tough as nails" reputation.
数种语言自称为世上最难学的语言之一。下面就是竞争“最难学语言”的十门候选语，该名单由联合国教科文组织发放。其中包括了入选排序的理由。阅读该资料，看看这些语言是否真的像其名声那样让人却步。
Top 10: French第十名：法语
As an official language in 29 countries, French is a challenging language. However, it can be seen as both easy and hard, depending on the learner's native language. French is a Roman language. If the learner's grasp of other Roman languages such as Italian, Portuguese and Spanish is strong, French will be a very quick and enjoyable new language to acquire.Otherwise, for those coming from a completely different language family, learning French would be considerably more difficult. Its pronunciation follows very strict rules based on the spelling, which is often based more on history than phonology.
作为29个国家的官方语言，法语具有足够的挑战性。然而，根据学习者不同的母语，它却可简单也可困难。如果学习者良好地掌握了罗马语系的其他语言，如意大利语、葡萄牙语或西班牙语，那么法语就会成为一门快速入门又能轻松掌握的语言。然而，对那些来自完全不搭边的语言家庭的人，学法语就非常艰难了。法语的发音严格遵循其拼写规则，相较于音韵学，它更多的是基于历史。 Top 9: Danish第九名：丹麦语
Danish is a North Germanic language spoken by some 6 million people.The sound system of Danish is in many ways unusual among the world's languages, which
makes it one of the hardest languages in the world to learn, as the spoken language usually does not sound anything like its written version.
丹麦语出自北日耳曼语系，使用者约600万人。丹麦语的发音系统广泛，不同于世界上的其他语言，因为它拼读的方式完全有别于书写方式，这就使其成为了全球最难学的语言之一。
Top 8: Norwegian第八名：挪威语
Norwegian is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway,where it is the official language. It is among the world's languages that's the most difficult to learn how to speak well. No officially sanctioned standard of spoken Norwegian is in place and most Norwegians speak their own dialect at any given time.
出自被日耳曼语系的挪威语在挪威使用较广，也是其官方语言。挪威语的口语是世界上最难学好的。它没有官方认证的标准口语，在任何特定的时间挪威人都会说他们的方言。
Top 7: German第七名：德语
As one of the world's major languages, German holds the largest number of native speakers within the European Union. It is a language which contains several standard dialects, both in its spoken and written forms. As an inflected language with three grammatical genders, it has a large number of words deriving from the same root. 作为世界上的主要语言之一，德语是欧盟使用者人数最庞大的语言。这门语言涵盖了多种标准方言，无论是口语还是书面上。作为拥有三种语法范畴的有影响力的语言，德语大量的词汇都出自于同一根源。
Top 6: Finnish第六名：芬兰语
As a language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland,Finnish is hard to learn for its extremely complicated grammar and"endless derivative suffixes." Finnish employ sex tensive modifiers to verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numerals, depending on their roles in the sentence.
作为芬兰使用人数最多的语言，芬兰语因其极复杂的语法和“无止境的衍生后缀”而成了难学语言。
Top 5: Japanese第五名：日语
Japanese is an East Asian language spoken primarily in Japan. According to
documents,Chinese had a considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Japanese.Since 1945, it has borrowed a large number of words from English, especially vocabulary relating to technology. One major reason which makes the language so hard to learn is that the written code is different from the spoken code. In addition, Japanese has an extensive grammatical system to express politeness and formalities
日语是东亚语之一，主要使用地为日本。根据记录，中文对旧式日语的词汇和音韵有极其重要的影响。自从1945年起，日语就从英语中引入了大量词汇，特别是科技领域。使日语难学的主要原因就是其书写顺序和拼读顺序不一致。此外，因其礼貌性和正式性，日语还具有相当广泛的语法系统。
Top 4: Icelandic第四名：冰岛语
Icelandic, a North Germanic language, is the main language of Iceland.Icelandic is hard to learn because of its archaic vocabulary and complex grammar. Icelandic
retains many grammatical features of other ancient Germanic languages, and modern Icelandic is still a heavily inflected language.
冰岛语，北日耳曼语族语言，也是冰岛主要语言。冰岛语因其古老的词汇和复杂的语法而难学。它具有古德语的多种语法特征，现代的冰岛语仍然是门有影响力的语言。
Top 3: Arabic第三名：阿拉伯语
Arabic, belonging to the Afro-Asiatic language family, includes both the literary
language and varieties of Arabic spoken across the Middle East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.The language has a complex and unusual method in constructing words from a basic root.For instance, nouns in Literary Arabic have three【为难的话】
grammatical cases, three numbers, two genders and three "states."
阿拉伯语，属于亚非语系语言家族，它包括中东、北非和非洲之角的文学语言和阿拉伯口语类。该语言根据词根，通过复杂且特别的方式构词。比如，在阿拉伯文学用语中，有三种语法格，三种数字，两种性别和三种“时态。”
Top 2: Greek第二名：希腊语
As an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, the Greek
language features the longest and most documented history. It is spoken mainly across Greece and Cyprus. Along its history, its syllabic structure has remained constant. It has a mixed syllable structure,allowing for relatively complex combinations of sounds. In addition,Greek possesses an extensive set of productive derivational affixes and a rich inflectional system.
混合的音节结构，也让发音组合变得相对复杂。此外，希腊语拥有一体化的生产派生词缀和丰富的曲折词缀系统。
Top 1: Chinese第一名：中文
Chinese forms one of the branches of the Sino-Tibetan language family and over one billion people can name it as their native language. The relationship between the spoken and written Chinese language is rather complex. Its written form has no clues as to how it is actually pronounced. The tone system also is a pain because there are many homo phones in Chinese only distinguishable by the four tones. Even this is often not enough unless the actual context and exact phrase are identified.
中文是汉藏语系的一个分支，乃10多亿人的母语。中文拼读和书写间的关联甚是复杂。仅看字体根本无法知道如何发其音。语音系统也是一大障碍，因为中文有太多的同音字，又仅靠四个声调来区分。然这远远是不够的，除非实际的上下文和相应的短语已经足够明确。（via：大耳朵英语）
词汇学习：
*candidate ['kændideit, -dət] n. 候选人，候补者；应试者
*grasp [ɡrɑ:sp, ɡræsp] n. 抓住；理解；控制vt. 抓住；领会vi. 抓
*acquire [ə'kwaiə] vt. 获得；取得；学到；捕获
*phonology [fəu'nɔlədʒi] n. 音系学；音韵学；语音体系
*dialect ['daiəlekt] n. 方言，土话；同源语；行话；个人用语特征adj. 方言的 *extensive [ik'stensiv] adj. 广泛的；大量的；广阔的
世界上最难学的十种语言
为难的话(三)
Top 10 hardest languages to learn
世界上最难学的十种语言
Many languages have been claimed to be the toughest one to learn. Here follow ten candidates for the title of "hardest language to learn," as released by the United Nations Educational Scientific and
Cultural Organization. This list of 10 candidates includes an explanation as of why they made this list. Read it and find out whether these languages are worth their "tough as nails" reputation.
数种语言自称为世上最难学的语言之一。下面就是竞争“最难学语言”的十门候选语，该名单由联合国教科文组织发放。其中包括了入选排序的理由。阅读该资料，看看这些语言是否真的像其名声那样让人却步。 Top 10: French
第十名：法语
As an official language in 29 countries, French is a challenging language. However, it can be seen as both easy and hard, depending on the learner's native language. French is a Roman language. If the learner's grasp of other Roman languages such as Italian, Portuguese and Spanish is strong, French will be a very quick and enjoyable new language to acquire.Otherwise, for those coming from a completely different language family, learning French would be considerably more difficult. Its pronunciation follows very strict rules based on the spelling, which is often based more on history than phonology. 作为29个国家的官方语言，法语具有足够的挑战性。然而，根据学习者不同的母语，它却可简单也可困难。如果学习者良好地掌握了罗马语系的其他语言，如意大利语、葡萄牙语或西班牙语，那么法语就会成为一门快速入门又能轻松掌握的语言。然而，对那些来自完全不搭边的语言家庭的人，学法语就非常艰难了。法语的发音严格遵循其拼写规则，相较于音韵学，它更多的是基于历史。
Top 9: Danish
第九名：丹麦语
Danish is a North Germanic language spoken by some 6 million people.The sound system of Danish is in many ways unusual among the world's languages, which makes it one of the hardest languages in the world to learn, as the spoken language usually does not sound anything like its written version.【为难的话】
丹麦语出自北日耳曼语系，使用者约600万人。丹麦语的发音系统广泛，不同于世界上的其他语言，因为它拼读的方式完全有别于书写方式，这就使其成为了全球最难学的语言之一。
Top 8: Norwegian
第八名：挪威语
Norwegian is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway,where it is the official language. It is among the world's languages that's the most difficult to learn how to speak well. No officially sanctioned standard of spoken Norwegian is in place and most Norwegians speak their own dialect at any given time.
出自被日耳曼语系的挪威语在挪威使用较广，也是其官方语言。挪威语的口语是世界上最难学好的。它没有官方认证的标准口语，在任何特定的时间挪威人都会说他们的方言。
Top 7: German
第七名：德语
As one of the world's major languages, German holds the largest number of native speakers within the European Union. It is a language which contains several standard dialects, both in its spoken and
written forms. As an inflected language with three grammatical genders, it has a large number of words deriving from the same root.
作为世界上的主要语言之一，德语是欧盟使用者人数最庞大的语言。这门语言涵盖了多种标准方言，无论是口语还是书面上。作为拥有三种语法范畴的有影响力的语言，德语大量的词汇都出自于同一根源。 Top 6: Finnish
第六名：芬兰语
As a language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland,Finnish is hard to learn for its
extremely complicated grammar and"endless derivative suffixes." Finnish employ sex tensive modifiers to verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numerals, depending on their roles in the sentence.
作为芬兰使用人数最多的语言，芬兰语因其极复杂的语法和“无止境的衍生后缀”而成了难学语言。 Top 5: Japanese
第五名：日语
Japanese is an East Asian language spoken primarily in Japan. According to documents,Chinese had a considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Japanese.Since 1945, it has borrowed a
large number of words from English, especially vocabulary relating to technology. One major reason which makes the language so hard to learn is that the written code is different from the spoken code. In addition, Japanese has an extensive grammatical system to express politeness and formalities
日语是东亚语之一，主要使用地为日本。根据记录，中文对旧式日语的词汇和音韵有极其重要的影响。自从1945年起，日语就从英语中引入了大量词汇，特别是科技领域。使日语难学的主要原因就是其书写顺序和拼读顺序不一致。此外，因其礼貌性和正式性，日语还具有相当广泛的语法系统。
Top 4: Icelandic
第四名：冰岛语
Icelandic, a North Germanic language, is the main language of Iceland.Icelandic is hard to learn
because of its archaic vocabulary and complex grammar. Icelandic retains many grammatical features of other ancient Germanic languages, and modern Icelandic is still a heavily inflected language.
冰岛语，北日耳曼语族语言，也是冰岛主要语言。冰岛语因其古老的词汇和复杂的语法而难学。它具有古德语的多种语法特征，现代的冰岛语仍然是门有影响力的语言。
Top 3: Arabic
第三名：阿拉伯语
Arabic, belonging to the Afro-Asiatic language family, includes both the literary language and varieties of Arabic spoken across the Middle East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.The language has a complex and unusual method in constructing words from a basic root.For instance, nouns in Literary Arabic have three grammatical cases, three numbers, two genders and three "states."
阿拉伯语，属于亚非语系语言家族，它包括中东、北非和非洲之角的文学语言和阿拉伯口语类。该语言根据词根，通过复杂且特别的方式构词。比如，在阿拉伯文学用语中，有三种语法格，三种数字，两种性别和三种“时态。”
Top 2: Greek
第二名：希腊语
As an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, the Greek language features the longest and most documented history. It is spoken mainly across Greece and Cyprus. Along its history, its syllabic structure has remained constant. It has a mixed syllable structure,allowing for relatively complex combinations of sounds. In addition,Greek possesses an extensive set of productive derivational affixes and a rich inflectional system.
混合的音节结构，也让发音组合变得相对复杂。此外，希腊语拥有一体化的生产派生词缀和丰富的曲折词缀系统。
Top 1: Chinese
第一名：中文
Chinese forms one of the branches of the Sino-Tibetan language family and over one billion people can name it as their native language. The relationship between the spoken and written Chinese language is rather complex. Its written form has no clues as to how it is actually pronounced. The tone system also is a pain because there are many homo phones in Chinese only distinguishable by the four tones. Even this is often not enough unless the actual context and exact phrase are identified.
中文是汉藏语系的一个分支，乃10多亿人的母语。中文拼读和书写间的关联甚是复杂。仅看字体根本无法知道如何发其音。语音系统也是一大障碍，因为中文有太多的同音字，又仅靠四个声调来区分。然这远远是不够的，除非实际的上下文和相应的短语已经足够明确。
n. 候选人，候补者；应试者 grasp [ɡrɑ:sp, ɡræsp] n. 抓住；理解；控制vt. 抓住；领会vi. 抓 acquire [ə'kwaiə] vt. 获得；取得；学到；捕获 phonology [fəu'nɔlədʒi] n. 音系学；音韵学；语音体系 dialect ['daiəlekt] n. 方言，土话；同源语；行话；个人用语特征adj. 方言的 extensive [ik'stensiv]
adj. 广泛的；大量的；广阔的
致自己的说说大全，写给自己的一句话
为难的话(四)
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