【www.guakaob.com--一年级】
Unit 1 Topic 1
I. 重点词组
1.take photos 照相
2.learn…from…向……学习
3.in detail 详细地
4.in order to为了
5.give support to… 为……提供帮助
6.see sth. oneself 亲眼所见某物
7.keep in touch with 与……保持联系
8.sorts of各种各样的
9.make progress 取得进步
10.draw up 起草,拟定
11.thanks to 由于
II.重点句型
1. In one place I saw children working for a cruel boss.在一处我看到了孩子们为残忍的老板干活。
2. I felt sorry for them.我对他们深表同情。
3. Where have you been, Jane? 你去过哪里，简？
4. She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.她去古巴当志愿者了。
5. There goes the bell. 铃响了。
6. Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy.虽然我没有时间去旅行，但是我仍然感到很开心。
7. Now our country has developed rapidly.现在我们国家发展迅速。
III.语法
1. 现在完成时态的构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
e.g. You have just come back from your hometown.
2. 现在完成时态的句式:
e.g. (1) I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.
(2) I haven’t seen him for a long time.
(3) Where have you been?
(4) ——Have you ever cleaned a room? ——Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
3. have/ has been与 have/has gone 的区别
have/has been to sp.表示曾经到过某地—— have/has gone to sp.表示已经去了某地
e.g. (1) I have been to Mount Huang with my parents. (2) She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.
Unit 1 Topic 2
I. 重点词组
1. get lost 迷路
2. each other 彼此
3.at least 至少
4take place发生
5because of 因为
6.be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
7.carry out 实行
8.be short of 缺乏
9.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
10.be known as… 作为……而著名
11.work well in doing…在……方面起作用
12.a couple of 一些
13keep up with赶上,跟上
II.重点句型
1. Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？
2. ——I really hate to go shopping. 我的确讨厌购物。——So do I.我也如此。
3. But it seems that their living conditions were not very good.但是似乎他们的生活条件不太好。
4. But great changes have already taken place in China recently.但是近来中国已发生了巨大的变化。
5. Because of the one-child policy, now most families have only one child. 由于我国独生子女政策的实行，现在大部分家庭只有一个孩子。
6. What’s the population of the U.S.A.?美国的人口是多少？
7. ——What’s more, the population in developing countries is growing faster. ——So it is.
而且，发展中国家的人口在更快地发展。 的确如此。
8. Our government has taken many measures to control the population.
我们的政府已采取了许多控制人口的措施。
常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already, just , yet, ever, never, recently. e.g.
2. ————No, I’ve countries.
3. ————
Unit 1 Topic 3
I. 重点词组
1.get used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯于……
2.as a matter of fact 事实上
3.break out 爆发
4．live a hard life 过着艰难的生活
5.in need of 需要
6.provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.提供某物给某人
7.one’s success in doing sth. 成功完成某事
8.obey strict rules 遵守严格的规则
9.take drugs 吸毒
10.aim to do sth. 目的是
11.in the past sixteen years 在过去的十六年里
12.at home and abroad 在国内外
13．pay for 付款
14．thousands of 成千上万的
1You must come for a visit. 请你一定来参观。
2Well, once they find people in deed, they decide on suitable ways to help them. 他们一旦发现有人需要帮助, 就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。
3I think it is important for these people to feel good about themselves.
我认为对于这些人来说,自我感觉良好是重要的。
4The world has changed for the better.世界变得更加美好。
5With the money, it has built thousands of schools and trained 2,300 teachers. 它用这钱修建了数千所学校和图书馆并且培训了2300名教师。
III.语法
1. 现在完成时: 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。
e.g. You have been in New York for a long time.
The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.
2. 构词法:
合成词: home +work= homework
派生词: use——useful, happy——unhappy
仁爱英语九年级Unit2语言点归纳
Unit 2 Topic 1
I. 重点词组
1. chemical factory 化工厂
2. pour… into… 把……排放到……
Unit 1
Topic 1
一、重点短语
1. feel sorry for… 对……深表同情
2. learn…from 从……当中学习
3. in the past/ future 在过去/ 在将来
4. in detail 详细地
5. have no chance to do sth. 没有机会做某事
6. afford ( to do) sth 担负得起(做)某事
7. give support to sb. 给某人帮助/支持
8. with the development of… 随着……的发展
9. sleep in the open air 在户外睡觉
10. used to do sth. 过去常做某事
11. fall ill 得病/ 患病
12. divide …into… 把……分成……
13. thanks to 多亏; 幸亏；由于
14. with the help of… 在……的帮助下
二、重点句型
1. Parents couldn’t afford education for their children. 父母供不起孩子上学。 afford 常与can, could 或 be able to 连用，尤其用于否定句或疑问句，表“负担得起（做）某事；抽得出（时间）” “(can’t/ couldn’t) afford (to do) sth.”
2. Our government gives support to poor families. 我们的政府能为贫困家庭提供帮助。
give support to sb.= give sb. support 为某人提供帮助/ 支持
support作动词时表“供养；支持；支撑”
3. Why not go and search the Internet for some information?
为什么不上网查找相关信息呢？
search sp. for sth. 搜查某地寻找某物
search sb. for sth. 搜身查找某物
search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb. 搜寻某物/ 某人；
4. One part was used to help support my family, to help send my elder brother to
school. 一部分钱用来供养全家人,另一部分用来供哥哥上学.
a) one part…the other (part) …一部分……另一部分……
b) elder brother 哥哥
elder 作形容词时, 是old的比较级, 一般表示家庭成员出生的顺序,在句中只能作定语,可与than连用; 而older表年龄的比较,可与 than连用.
5. sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事
三、重点语法
（一）现在完成时：表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
即“过去的动作 + 现在的结果”， 强调结果。
构成形式： 助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词
（二）have/ has been to与 have/ has gone to
have/ has been to + 某地， 到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。
have /has gone to + 某地， 说明去了某地， 说话时人还没回来。
Topic 2
一、重点短语
1. get lost 走失；迷路
2. hear from sb.=receive/ get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信
3. at least 至少
4. take place = happen 发生
5. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
6. be known / famous as 以……而闻名
7. be short of 缺乏……
8. be in trouble 陷入麻烦中/ 在困境中
9. a couple of 一些 ;几个
10. even though = even if 即使
11. the differences between A and B A与B之间的区别
二、重点句型
1．So do I .为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表
“某某也一样”，结构为“so + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。
表前面不怎样，后面“也不”怎样时，其结构为“ neither/ nor + be /情态动词/
助动词 + 主语”。
前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装，表“的确如此”。
2. take place 指必然性的“发生”或有计划、安排之内的“举行”
happen 指偶然的、没有预料的“发生“，其结果往往给人带来不幸或麻烦 ※两者都不用于被动语态。
3. The population has increased a lot. 人口增长发很多。
increase 可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。
increase by… 指“增加了……”; increase to…指 “增加到……”
4. work well in doing sth. 表“在……方面很有功效”,
5. be short of… 表 “缺乏……”
be short for… 表“是……的缩写”
6. offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物”
offer to do sth. “（主动）提出做某事”
三、语法：现在完成时
现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：【仁爱版英语九年级上语法归纳与练习】
1．already 和 yet
already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），
yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），
※ already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”
2．ever 和 never
ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），
never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。
3．just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），
4．before“之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应），
Topic 3
一、重点短语
1. in need 需要（食物和钱）
2. decide on (doing ) sth. 决定（做）某事
3. provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
4. be successful in (doing) sth. 成功地做了某事
5. live a happy life 过着幸福的生活
6. at home and abroad 在国内外
7. in poor areas 在贫困地区
8. receive a good education 受到良好的教育
二、重点句型
1. provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物
2. I think it’s a wonderful place to live in. 我认为那是一个居住的好地方。 to live in 是动词不定式，用来修饰前面的名词place. 在不定式中，如动词
为不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后必须跟上相应的介词。
3. be successful in doing sth. 成功地做成某事， 相当于 succeed in doing sth.
4．in the past + 若干时间，表“近若干时间来”，用于现在完成时。
Unit 2
Topic 1
一、重点词组
1. manage to do sth. 设法做某事
2. in a good / bad mood 情绪好/差
3. be harmful to sb. / sth. 对某人/某物有害
4. at present 目前
5. shout at sb. 对某人大喊大叫；斥责
某人
6. stop making so much noise 停止发出如此大的噪音
7. from now on 从现在起
8. quite a few 相当多
9. no better than （几乎）与……一样差
二、重要句型
1、There be + sb. / sth. + doing sth. 表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。
2．stop doing sth. 停止做（正在进行的）事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做（另一件）事
3．I’m sorry for making so much noise. 很抱歉我弄出这么大的噪音。 be sorry for doing sth. 表对做过的事感到抱歉
be sorry to do sth. 表对当前的事感到抱歉
4．not 与both、all 、every 以及 every 的派生词连用时，表部分否定。
5. no better than… 表“同……(几乎)一样差; 不比……做得好”
三、重点语法
现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。
a)“for + 时间段” 与 “since + 时间点” 都表“一段时间”，常用How long 提问。
b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。 ※ 常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词如下：
come—be here; go—be there; close—be closed; open—be open;
buy—have; borrow —keep; leave—be away; begin—be on;
finish—be over; die—be dead etc.
Topic 2
（二）重点词组
1．here and there = everywhere 到处
2．care for = look after = take care of 照顾
九年级英语Unit1单元归纳复习及相应课堂习题（含每个topic作文）
1. Have/has been to, have/has gone to 和 have/has been in的区别
主语+have/has been to + 地点 “去过某地” （已返回）
1 主语+have/has gone to +地点 “去了某地” （未回来）
主语+have/has been in +地点+for +段时间 （待在某地，动作可以延长一定时间，后面常接段的时间）
She has been in Japan for 2 year.
She has been to Japan. She has gone to Japan.
▲地点是名词须接to ，如果地点是副词则不接to。
Tom has been there.
▲对地点提问用：where
2.频度副词already,yet ,just,ever,never,在现在完成时中的 作用
（1）already 用在肯定句，用与句中，句尾均可，“已经”
I’ve finished my homework already. I’ve already finished my homework .
(2)yet 用于否定句或疑问句，“还” ，用于句末。在现在完成时的用法中，肯定句常用already，改用否定句和一般疑问句时常把already改为 yet（放句末）。
I have already found him.
Have you found him yet ?
(3)Just位于谓语动词前。 “刚刚” （也可以用于一般现在时，过去 时态） He has just come back from France.
(4) ever 多用与一般疑问句，否定句和条件状语从句中，“曾经”
Have you ever been to France? No, I haven’t. /Yes,I have.
If you ever happen to come here ,be sure to visit us.
(5)never 多用于否定的陈述句中，“从不„„” (反义词是ever)
I have never travelled on a plane.(变成一般疑问句）
Have you ever travelled on a plane？
He is never late for school. (它还可以用于其他时态中）
(6)before 做副词时，”从前“ ，句中谓语常用现在完成时和过去时。
I have never been to the place before.
I saw her before.
词组：
变化中的世界 回来
发生 / 很大的变化
变得越来越美丽 照相、拍照
你去哪里了（现在完成时态）
英语暑假学校 提高我的英语 顺便问一问 如此..以至于
对..做出改进/改善 铃响了
看，他来了(用倒装) 从...中学习
有（没有）时间做某事
参加志愿者活动 在暑假期间
残疾儿童养育院 多精彩的一次经历啊
为..提供帮助 发达/发展中国家
发展迅速 在过去
收到良好教育 超过、多余
亲眼目睹 离..很遥远
与..保持联系 不但...而且
取得进步 在做某事方面获得成功
在某人的帮助下 各种各样
现在完成时（一）：概念: 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果 结构: has/have+done(动词的过去分词)
have/has been to 、 have/has goneto与have/has been in 区别:
（1）“have/has been to +地名”表示“曾经去过某地”，说话时已经回到说话地点，常和once, twice,never, ever 等时间状语连用。
（2）“have/has gone to +地名”表示“去某地了”，现在还没回来，不在说话地点。
（3）“have/has been in+地名”表示“在某地”，常和一段时间连用。
Eg：
She has been to Shanghai.
她到过上海。（现在不在上海。）
She has gone to Shanghai.
她去上海了。（可能在去上海的路上，或者已经到了上海，总之现在不在这里。） She has been in Shanghai for ten years.
她在上海10年了。（10年前去的上海，现在还在上海。）
注意：
现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，因而不能和表示过去的时间状语，如yesterday, last week, three years ago in 1960 等连用。但可以和表示从过去某时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语，如today,these days,since1980, for a long time等连用。 Eg： Have you seen her these day?
( )1.—Where are Maria and Kangkang?
—They _____ England.
A.have been to B.are away
C.have gone to D.had been in
( )2._____ the Great Green Wall, the land produces (生产出) more crops.
A.Thanks for B.Thanks to
C.Thank to D.Thank for
( )3.I think that you have made so rapid _____ in math.
A.a progress B.progress
C.progresses D.progressed
( )4.—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read?
—I’ve no idea. I _____ there.
A.have gone B.have been
C.haven’t been D.haven’t gone
( )5.—What _____ to your village in recent years?
—Lots of roads, buildings, parks and so on.
A.takes place B.have happened C.has happened D.happened
( )6.—What did you do during your summer holiday?
—I spent my holiday _____ English in
Summer Classes.
A.improving B.improves
C.to improve D.improve
( )7. I have broken your glasses. I feel sorry _____ it.【仁爱版英语九年级上语法归纳与练习】
A.to B.at C.with D.for
( )8.The family was _____ poor _____ they couldn’t buy a TV set.
A.so; that B.not; until C.not; but D.so; but
( )9.—_____ my daughter is only ten years old, she knows a lot.
—What a clever girl!
A.Because B.Whether C.Though D.So
( )10.—Have you seen my brother?
—Yes. I _____ him in the library five
minutes ago. A.met
B.have met C.meet D.have been met
( )11.This is the most beautiful park I have
_____ visited.
A.ever B.yet C.never D.already
( )12.—Can you write the number eighty-five
thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?
—Yes, it is _____.
A.85,626 B.856,620 C.58,662 D.58,626
( )13.Now most families have only
one child _____ our country’s
one-child policy.
A.so B.because
C.because for D.because of
( )14.—David has made great progress
recently.
—_____, and _____.
A.So he has; so you have B.So he has; so have you
C.So has he; so have you D.So has he; so you have
( )15.China has the _____ population
in the world.
A.smallest B.most
C.largest D.large
书面表达
十年前，你的家乡非常落后，房屋低矮，外出只能骑自行车或步行。而今，高楼林立，家乡人能乘坐公交车、小汽车外出工作或旅行。请以Changes in Our Hometown为题，根据提示及内容要点写一篇80词左右的短文。
过去 现在
旧房 高楼
步行、骑自行车 乘公交车、小汽车
Topic2:
一、So do I . (前面提到的肯定情况同样适合另外一个主语。“我也是这样”）
Neither/Nor do I.(前面提到的否定情况同样适合于另外一个主语。
“我也不这样”）
⑴-Tom is a kind man. -So____I.
-The children should come earlier. -So______they.
-Kangkang plays football well. -So______we.
-They visited the farm. -So______he.
-I have been to Beijing. -So______he.
-Mike will leave here. -So______Maria.
⑵-She isn’t a good worker. -Neither /Nor_____I.
-He won’t go swimming. -Neither ______we.
-They have never been to Fuzhou. -Neither______he.
-We can’t go to the cinema. -Neither ______they.
二，So it is. “的确如此“（表达两者对同一事物看法一致）
so + 主语（代词）+ be/助动词/情态动词
-The girl was at home. -So________.
-Lucy came to the school. -So________.
-Kangkang has been to Beijing. -So_________.
三，分数，百分数
⑴分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母用复数
形式。例如： one third 1/3, two thirds 2/3, a quarter1/4,
three quarters3/4 , a half/one half ½
(2)分数+ of +复数名词:Three fifths of students are girls.
Three fifths of the population is Chinese.
(3)百分数。”基数词+percent”
thirty percent 30%
(4)百分数+of +复数名词:
China has 20 percent of the world’s population.
四，unless的用法（=if„„not„..)”除非„..“(引导条件状语从句.)
You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.
常用在现在完成时的时间状语：already（已经），just（刚刚），yet（已经，还），ever,（曾经），never（从不）等。
Eg：
1.I have just called you.
2.--Have you ever been to France?
--No, I've never been there.
3.--Have you seen him yet?
--Yes, I have seen him already.
( )1.—They have been to Australia.
—So _____ I.
A.do B.have been C.did D.have
( )2.The population of Shanghai is larger than
_____ of Shenyang.
A.that B.it C.one D.this
( )3.—_____ the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?
—It _____ about 296 million.
A.What is; is B.What was; was
C.How many is; was D.How many was; is
( )4._____ of the teachers are women
in our school.
A.Two third B.Two threes C.Two thirds D.Second three
( )5.He’s read this book before, _____?
A.hasn’t he B.doesn’t he C.isn’t he D.wasn’t he
( )6.The _____ population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.
A.increase B.increased
C.increasing D.increases
( )7.The little girl has _____ finished
名词
名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1)个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，gun。
2)集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合family。
3)物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4)抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：
专有名词：是个别的人，事物，地点等专有名称。其第一个字母大写
普通名词；可数名词；不可数名词。
可数名词的构成规则：
1．一般名词加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps
2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags
读 /z/; car-cars
2．以s,sh,ch,
x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
3．以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses
4．以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：
如： two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较： 层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories
2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos；
b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs；
b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；
c. 均可,如： handkerchief:
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形 如：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说
a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，
waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼
不可数名词量的表示
1）物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
比较： Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。
This factory produces steel. (不可数)
We need various steels. (可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
2） 抽象名词有时也可数。
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如：
a glass of water 一杯水
a piece of advice 一条建议
名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
定语名词的复数
1) 用复数作定语。
如：sports meeting 运动会
students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌
the foreign languages department 外语系
2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。
如：goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产
customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷
4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。
如：two-dozen eggs 两打/（二十四个鸡蛋） a ten-mile walk 十里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
个别的有用复数作定语的，如： a seven-years child
名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人
中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人the an two
Australians Australian Australians
俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans
英国the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
名词的格
在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1） 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。
2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加"'"，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有
如：John's and Mary's room（两间） John and Mary's room（一间）
6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
如：a month or two's absence
主谓一致：1）：可数名词单数和不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。There is a pen on the desk.The milk is hot.
2）复数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。如：Some students are playing football on the playground.
3）family,class,team,group单复数根据具体情况而定（指整个集体视为单数:His family are sports lovers.）
集合名词 :police,people只用作复数
4）姓的复数与冠词连用，表示“全家人”或“夫妇二人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。如：The Greens are watching Tv now.
5．）无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，如果其前面用了表示数量的“of”词组时，谓语动词的单数形式取决于“of词组”中表示数量的名词的单复数如：
There is a map of tea on the table. There are two glasses of water on the table
There is a basket of apples under the bed.
冠词
冠词分为：不定冠词泛指（a 修饰以辅音开头的可数名词单数；an修饰以元音开头的可数名词的单数）；定冠词-特指。（The可以修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词）
不定冠词的用法：
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。
1) 表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3) 词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
定冠词的用法：
定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1）特指双方都明白的人或物：
Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
2）上文提到过的人或事：
He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3）指世上独一物二的事物：
the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth
4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面：
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：
She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。
8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
初三英语中考专题复习
整理人：马世家
第一节 冠词 名词
( ) 1. It takes us ___ hour or more to go to my home town by ____ train. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; / D. a; /
( ) 2. –In which class is _________ boy in white? --He’s in Class 4. A. the B. an C. an D. /
( ) 3. –By the way, have you got _________ E-mail address? --Oh yes, it’s rggren@ hotmail. com.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
( ) 4. Have you seen such big ________? A. a tomato B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatos
( ) 5. Several _________ are talking under the tree. And their ________ are swimming in the lake.
A. woman; children B. woman; child C. women; children D. women; child
( ) 6. –What would you like,Madam?–I’d like ________, please. A. two bottles of orange B. two bottles of oranges
C. two bottle of oranges D. two bottle of orange
( ) 7. The little baby has two ________ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
( ) 8. –Which _________ of Shanghai do you come from? --Let me show you on the map.
A. city B. village C. country D. part
( ) 9. ―What _________ do you like best?‖ ―Football.‖A. food B. subject C. sport D. music
( ) 10. About _________ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.
A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds
( ) 11. This is an old photo of mine when I ________.
A. have short hairs B. had short hairs C. have short hair D. had short hair
( ) 12. More college graduates would like to work in ________ west part of our country ________ next year.
A. the; the B. /; / C. /; the D. the; /
( ) 13. Can you see _________ sun in the day-time? A. a B. the C. an D. /
( ) 14. The singer usually sings while playing ________ guitar. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 15. I’ve got information for all the computers now. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 16. It would be ________ waste of money to buy such a small dictionary.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 17. ________ good news we’re got!
A. What a B. How a C. What D. How
( ) 18. Because of the unhealthy diet, many people in Africa die at _______ early age from terrible illnesses.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
( ) 19. –How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? -- _________.
A. In five day’s time B. In five days’ time
C. In five days time D. For five days
( ) 20. I don’t think men and women are equal in _________ countryside at present.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
( ) 21. There’s _________ umbrella behind the door.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
( ) 22. ________ went to Japan yesterday.
A. The White’s B. The Whites C. The White D. The White family
( ) 23. John Smith works in ________ big hospital in Hangzhou.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
( ) 24. Look, five _________ are feeding on the hill.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheeps D. the sheep
( ) 25. Several years later, John’s aunt made ________ second trip to China.
A. the B. one C. a D. an
( ) 26. –You needn’t wait for Tom any longer. He must be having supper at ________.
A. the Tell’s B. the Tells’ C. the Tells D. Tells
( ) 27. This tree has green ________ throughout the year.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves
( ) 28. At the age of eight, Mary joined a group of ________.
A. children dancers B. child dancers C. child dancer D. children’s dancers
( ) 29. –Mary, it’s going to rain. Better take ________ raincoat with you.
--Well, but I can’t find ________ raincoat I put yesterday.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
( ) 30. In western countries, ________ are thrown away each day.
A. mountains of rubbish B. mountains of rubbishes
C. a lot of rubbish D. a lot of rubbishes
( ) 31. He is trying to explain how ________ began on the earth.
A. life B. lives C. the life D. a life
( ) 32. Look, the police ________ coming.
A. is B. were C. are D. was
( ) 33. Writing compositions in English is not ________.
A. easy job B. an easy work C. an easy job D. the easy work
( ) 34. China was the earliest ________ center for ________.
A. research’s; agriculture B. research; agriculture
C. research’s; agricultures D. researches; agricultures
初三英语中考专题复习
第二节 代词 数词
( ) 1. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming, _______ like ball games.
A. the others B. others C. the other D. other
( ) 2. _______ of the two girls is from Beijing.
A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither
( ) 3. The weather in summer here is like _______ in Beijing.
A. this B. that C. it D. its
( ) 4. The room on the right is _______.
A. her B. she C. Lucy’s D. Lucy
( ) 5. Where are the students? Are they in _______?
A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room
( ) 6. There are ________ people in the factory now.
A. thousand of B. two thousands C. thousands of D. thousand
( ) 7. The man over there is my brother. _______ is a doctor.
A. She B. He C. Hers D. His
( ) 8. I have two cats. One is black, and _______ is white.
A. another B. some C. other D. the other
( ) 9. I’m looking for a babysister (保姆). She must be ________ too old ________ too young.
A. neither; nor B. both; and C. either; or D. not only; but also
( ) 10. –What’s in your car? -- _______.
A. No one B. Nothing C. Nobody D. None
( ) 11. There are quite a few old books on the shelf, but _______ of them is useful to him.
A. both B. all C. neither D. none
( ) 12. –I’ve had enough bread. Would you like ________? --No, thanks.
A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more
( ) 13. The film star is going to spend ________ dollars on a new dress for the coming party.
A. three thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. three thousands of
( ) 14. –Did Eric buy any vegetables in the market?
-- No, he didn’t, but he thought _______ fish.
A. no B. any C. some D. both
( ) 15. It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide.
A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’ C. three hundred’s D. three hundred
( ) 16. If you want a ticket for a round-trip, sir, you’ll have to pay ________ $8o.
A. another B. other C. each D. more
( ) 17. The place is not interesting at all. ________ of us wants to go there.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
( ) 18. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a ________one.
A. three B. third C. forth D. /
( ) 19. I heard the sports meeting has been put off until _______, hasn’t it?
A. the 3 and 4 B. the 3th and 4th C. the 3 rd and 4th D. four and five
( ) 20. _______ of the earth _______ made up of oceans.
A. Two-third; is B. Two-thirds; is C. Two-third; are D. Two-thirds; are
( ) 21. Most of us don’t know _______ about how life is formed.
A. many B. little C. few D. much
( ) 22. –Is this short-wave radio _______? --No. it belongs to _______.
A. yours; me B. yours; his C. her; him D. yours; her
( ) 23. –Have you got any books on music? I want to borrow _______.
--Yes. You can find them on the top shelf of the second bookcase.
A. it B. any C. one D. them
( ) 24. –Have you read the paper?
--Yes, but I don’t think there’s _______ new in it.
A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
( ) 25. Since 1964, _______ satellites have been sent into space.
A. dozens of B. four dozens C. dozen of D. several dozens
( ) 26. _______ of the two boys are clever enough to work out the problem.
A. Either B. Both C. Some D. Many
( ) 27. –Who has been to Hawaii? -- _______ has.
A. No one B. I C. All of us D. None
( ) 28. Jack Booth is a _______ man.
A. 21-years-old B. 21 years old C. 21-year-old D. 21 year old
( ) 29. I’ve lived here for about _______.
A. two and a half year B. two and a half years
C. two year and a half D. two years and half
( ) 30. The book on the desk is newer than _______ in the desk.
A. the one B. that C. the ones D. those
( ) 31. In our class, _______ has a dictionary.
A. all of us B. each of us C. some of us D. every of us【仁爱版英语九年级上语法归纳与练习】
初三英语中考专题复习
第三节 介 词
( ) 1. China lies _______ the east of Asia and ______ the north of Australia.
A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on
( ) 2. ______ the afternoon of March 8, the women in the city had a big party.
A. To B. In C. At D. On
( ) 3. We all agree _______ you. Let’s start at once.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
( ) 4. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her.
A. besides B. about C. except D. with
( ) 5. Does your father go to work, _______ foot or _______ bike?
A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by
( ) 6. Lucy was _______ duty yesterday, but she forgot to clean the classroom.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
( ) 7. Timmy goes to school _______ every day. It’s 5 minutes’ walk from his home to school.
A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat
( ) 8. Mum, today is Mother’s Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _______ us at Shanghai Restaurant,
which is famous _______ its seafood.
A. with; of B. with; for C. for; to D. to; for
( ) 9. He has got a chair to sit _______, but nobody to talk _______.
A. on; to B. /; with C. on; / D. /; to
( ) 10. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.
A. since B. in C. on D. by
( ) 11. –How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
--I’m going there _______ my car.
A. by B. in C. to D. on
( ) 12. Andy often helps her mother ________ the housework on Sunday afternoon.
A. to B. with C. for D. of
( ) 13. –You’d better not go out now. it’s raining.
--It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep _______ rain.
A. in B. of C. with D. off
( ) 14. English is widely used ________ travelers and business people all over the world.
A. to B. for C. as D. by
( ) 15. My sister usually thinks _______ her own language first. Then she turns her words into English.
A. by B. in C. with D. through
( ) 16. –It’s kind _______ you to come to see me.
--It’s a pleasure. You were so kind _______ me.
A. of; with B. for; with C. of; to D. for; to
( ) 17. –Is the manager in?
--Sorry, he is out. But he will be back _______ three o’clock.
A. in B. on C. until D. before
( ) 18. _______ the age of fifteen, she had written scores of articles for a newspaper.
A. At B. Before C. Since D. By
( ) 19. In China, the price of TV sets has been reduced ________ 30% in the last three years.
A. on B. by C. with D. for
( ) 20. When you called on me, I was _______ a visit to Mr Smith.
A. on B. at C. in D. to
( ) 21. –Bob, you are wanted _______ the phone. –Thanks a lot.
A. on B. by C. of D. for
( ) 22. The soil is made _______ the dead leaves of the trees.
A. up of B. of C. from D. by
( ) 23. I didn’t have any breakfast _______ a cup of milk.
A. besides B. except for C. except D. for
( ) 24. We’re sure you’ll be famous _______ a writer before long.
A. as B. for C. with D. by
( ) 25. The writer often sat up far into the night working _______ a new novel.
A. for B. on C. with D. in
( ) 26. You look tired. ________ working indoors you should be out for a walk.
A. Ahead of B. Instead of C. In front of D. In spite of
( ) 27. You must stand _______ line when you are waiting _______ a bus.
A. on; in B. in; for C. in; on D. on; for
( ) 28. Man landed on the moon in 1969 for the first time. Have you ever heard ______ it?
A. on B. to C. of D. from
( ) 29. It’s very nice ______ you to get me two tickets _______ the World Cup.
A. for; of B. of; for C. to; for D. of; to
( ) 30. The woman feels worried _______ her sick baby.
A. for B. to C. on D. about
( ) 31. –What do you think of the report on the UFOs?
--Great! Many students were interested in it and they kept on standing ______ the end of the meeting.
A. until B. in C. at D. by
( ) 32. Have you got any books _______ science?
A. at B. about C. of D. in
( ) 33. She likes reading _______ many different subjects.
A. of B. at C. on D. in
( ) 34. Mr Wang is very strict. His students are afraid _______ him.
A. at B. of C. about D. to
( ) 35. This story happened _______ the last few years.
A. at B. since C. during D. for
( ) 36. We should do something to stop sandstorms ______ happening again and again.
A. from B. on C. by D. to
( ) 37. China became a WTO member _______ December 11th , 2001.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
( ) 38. There’s a smile on her face. I think she’s _______ my work.
A. sorry for B. worried about C. pleased with D. afraid of
初三英语中考专题复习
第四节 连词
( ) 1. –I won’t go to the party tomorrow.