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U1 Wise men in history
要点一，学习Reading并翻译文章
Archimedes and the golden crown
One day in ancient Greece, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a golden crown. At first, he was very happy with it.
古希腊的一天，海尔罗国王请一位制作皇冠的人给他制作一顶金皇冠。起初，他对皇冠感到非常高兴。
“It’s a nice crown, isn’t it?” he asked his men. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown. “Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth.
“这是一个很漂亮的皇冠，不是吗？”他问仆人。然而后来他开始怀疑皇冠是否是一顶真的金皇冠。“这真是纯金的吗？”他纳闷着。他把皇冠送到了阿基米德那里，叫他搞清楚真相。
“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes.
“这个问题似乎很难解决。我该怎么办？”阿基米德想。
Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over.
当阿基米德往浴池里倒水的时候他仍然思考着这个难题。当他进入浴池时，一些水溢了出来。
“That’s it!” shouted Archimedes. “I know how to solve the king’s problem!”
“就是如此”阿基米德喊道，“我知道如何解决国外的难题了！”
Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight.
阿基米德直接去到了宫殿觐见国王。首先，他称了皇冠，然后像国王要了同等重量的金子。
Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl.
接着，他放了两个罐子到两个大碗里，然后把罐子注满了水。他把金子放入其中一个罐，一些水跑到了碗里。然后他把皇冠放入另一个罐。这一次，更多的水跑到了碗里。
“Look at this,” said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I’m certain that it’s not completely made of gold.”
“快看”阿基米德对国王说道。“一个完全由金子制作的皇冠比一个由金子和其他金属制作的皇冠要取代更少的水。这顶皇冠比同等质量的金子取代更多的水，所以我确定这不是纯金的。
“The crown maker tricked me , didn’t he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison.
“金匠骗了我，对不对？这个大坏人！”海尔罗国王喊道。然后他把金匠投入了监狱。
句子按使用的目的可分为四类：
1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句
从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：
一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences）
1、陈述句： （1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。 （2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。 说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。 2、疑问句： （1）一般疑问句： Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。 Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。 说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。回答要用yes或no。 （2）特殊疑问句： Who is the man? 这人是谁？ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？ 1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句
说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句）
（3）选择疑问句： Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。 说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。 （4）反意疑问句： They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ 说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。
He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？
式。
3.祈使句： a．肯定句： Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。 b．否定句： Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。 说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。 4.感叹句： 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！
What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！
What +a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！ What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！
What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!
what + n.： What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！ What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！ how + adj.： How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！ how + adv. ： How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！ How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！ How + adj. + a (an) + n. How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！ 说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。
一个主语+一个谓语，例： The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴。 两个主语+一个谓语，例： Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。 一个主语+两个谓语，例： He opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了。 两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例： Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。 结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例： Hello! 喂！ Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！ Many thanks. 万分感谢。 2、简单句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns） 句型结构： （1）主语+不及物动词：S + Vi.，例： Birds fly. 鸟飞 They disappeared. 他们消失了。 （2）主 + 连系动词 + 表语：S + V + P，例： She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。 He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。 （3）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语：S + Vt + O，例： He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 We help each other. 我们互相帮助。 （4）主 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O，例： I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。 （5）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补语：S + Vt + O + C，例： They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。
P=Predicative（表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Complement补语
重点、难点：
否定陈述句要注意下列几点： （1）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。
（2）其他成分的否定形式 有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种。 否定的主语： Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。 None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。 No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。 否定的宾语： We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。 He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。 You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。 否定的状语： They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。 We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。 （3）不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时，表示部分否定。 All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. ) 这里的树并非都是苹果树。（有的是苹果树，有的不是。） Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.) 这姐儿俩并不都是护士。 Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. ) 并不是人人都能做这件事。
随堂练习
一、陈述句和疑问句： 1、
A．will B．will be C．were
2、—— “ Is your uncle a driver?” D．don’t
Unit 1 Wise men in history(1)
【知识要点】
★ 必记单词
golden adj. 金的；金色的 Olympics n. [pl.]奥运会
agreement n. 同意；应允 pot n. 罐
doubt v. 不能肯定；对„„没把握 real adj. 真的；正宗的
truth n. 真相；实情 seem v. 好像；似乎
solve v. 解决；处理 fill v. 装满；注满
bowl n. 碗；盆 brave adj. 勇敢的；无
畏的
metal n. 金属 certain adj. 确定的；
肯定的
prison n. 监狱；牢狱 hit v. (hit，hit)(用手或
器具)击；打
correct adj. 准确无误的；正确的 mistake n. 错误
less det.（与不可数名词连用）较少的；更少的
★ 常考短语
in ancient Greece 在古希腊
(be) happy with （对某人或事物）满意的 = be pleased/satisfied with
fill…with… 用„„把„„装满 think about = consider
考虑；思考
be filled with=be full of 充满；装满 run over 溢出
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 one…the other… 一
个„„另一个„„
send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱 tell the truth 说实话
make sure 确保；设法保证 something else 别的东西
both…and… „„和„„都„„
be made of +看得见的原材料 由„„制成
be made from +看不见的原材料 由„„制成
be made by + sb. 被某人制成
★ 课文解析
1. At first, he was very happy with it.
(1) at first "起初"
辨析：at first与first of all
At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind.
起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。
First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call
an ambulance.
首先，打开窗子，然后关掉煤气，如果需要，叫一辆救护车。
(2) be happy with sb./sth 意为“对某人或事物满意的”，
=be pleased/satisfied with sb./sth
His teacher is happy with him. 他的老师对他很满意。
She is happy with what I've done. 她对我做的很满意。
2. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown.
(1) however"然而"
辨析：however与but，二者都有“然而，但是”的意思，其区别
如下：
however“然而；不过”，比较正式，可以放在分句之首、之中或之
尾；其前面或
后面要用逗号隔开，如在句中，其前后都要加逗号。
It's raining hard,however,they're still working in the field.
雨下得很大，然而他们仍然在地里干活。
but“但是”，表示很明显的对比，转折的意味比however要强，从
语序上看，but
总是置于引出的分句之首。
I'd like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now.
我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我现在必须整理花园。
(2) begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，同义词组为begin doing sth.。
When can I begin to work? 我什么时候能开始工作呢？
When I got there,the singer had already begun singing.
当我到那儿时，歌手已经开始唱歌了。
(3) doubt此处用作及物动词，意为“不能肯定，对„„无把握”。
He doubts the truth of the news. 他怀疑那件新闻的真实性。
I don't doubt that she'll come. 她一定来，我不怀疑。
【拓展】①doubt用作不及物动词，意为“怀疑”，其后常接of,about。
She doubts about everything. 她对一切都怀疑。
He doubts of his success. 他怀疑他能否成功。
②doubt后接宾语从句时，名词从句用if/whether引导，名词从句也
可用that引导。
I doubt if/whether she will keep her word. 我怀疑她是否会遵守诺
言。
I don't doubt that we will win. 我们会获胜是没有疑问的。
(4) real形容词，意为“真的，正宗的”，其副词形式为really。
This is a real dog,not a toy. 那是一条真正的狗，不是玩具狗。
辨析：real与true
be made of "由„„制成"。
辨析：be made of与 be made from
【中考﹒链接】
Books are made paper while paper is mainly made wood.
A. of;of B. from;from C. of;from D.
3. “Is it made completely of gold?”he wondered.
from;of
4.“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?”thought
Archimedes.
seem用作连系动词，意为“似乎，好像”，本句中后接形容词作表
语，这种用法较
常见，可以和seem to be相互转换。
He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry. 他好像非常生气。
用作实意动词，可接to do sth
He seems to sing. 他似乎在唱歌。
5. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath
with water.
fill…with… 意为“用„„把„„装满”，其被动语态形式为be
filled with，相当于
be full of
6. …so I'm certain that it's not completely made of gold.
certain用作形容词，意为“确定的，肯定的”。
常用结构：
①be certain+从句 一定„„
I'm not certain where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪儿。
②be certain to do sth. 肯定要做某事
He is certain to finish the task on time. 他肯定会按时完成任务。
③be certain of/about sth. 对„„确信，有把握
We're certain of success. 我们有把握成功。
④be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事
He is certain of winning the match. 他确信能赢这场比赛。
7. What's wrong with it?
What's wrong (with sb. /sth)?是用来询问“某人发生了什么事情或
某物出了什么
毛病/故障”等最常用的句型之一。其同义句型为：What's the
matte/trouble with...?
What's wrong with you? 你怎么了（出什么事了）?
8. That's why I'm angry.
That's why... 意为“那就是„„的原因”，why引导的是表语从句，
用陈述语序。
表语从句是在句中作表语的从句，常位于连系动词be,look等的后
面。
The alarm clock didn't go off. That's why he was late for school.
闹钟没有响。那就是他上学迟到的原因。
9. How did Archimedes discover the truth?
辨析：discover与invent
这两个词都用作及物动词，都指人们首先见到新鲜事物，但含义不
同。
Recently they discovered gold. 最近他们发现了黄金。
Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
10. However,Helen,a brave woman,wanted to watch her son run.
watch sb. do sth 意为“看某人做了某事或经常做某事”，表示看见
动作发生、进行
的全过程。其中do为省略to的不定式，作宾语补足语。
I watched her go out of the room just now. 刚才我看到她从房间里出
来了。
【拓展】和watch用法相同的动词（组）还有see, hear, make, feel,
notice, look at 等。
Did you hear Jack call you? 你听见杰克叫你了吗？（动作结束）
We often hear the girl sing English songs.
我们经常挺大了那个女孩唱英文歌曲。（动作经常发生）
I heard the song wind blowing when it was raining heavily.
Unit1 Wise men in history
一． 词性转换
1. golden adj.金的；金色的 gold n.金子；黄金
2. agreement n. 同意；应允 agree v. 同意 disagree v.不同意
3. real adj.真的；正宗的 really adv. 确实；的确 realize v.认识到；意识到
4. truth n. 真想；事情 true adj. 符合事实的；真正的
5. certain adj. 确定的；肯定的 certainly adv. 无疑；肯定 （=of course）
6. correct adj.准确无误的；正确的 correctly adv.准确无误地；正确地
二． 重点短语
1. be happy with （对某人或某事物）满意的
2. run over 溢出
3. make sure 确保；设法保证
4. be amazed at 对……感到惊奇
5. fill…with 用……把……装满
6. send… to prison 把……关进监狱
7. in half 分成两半
三． 同义替代
1. doubt=be not sure
2. real=true
3. truth=true facts
4. seem=appear
5. fill…with…=make…full of…
6. be filled with…=be full of…
7. less=a smaller amount of
8. certain=having no doubts; sure
9. brave=not afraid
10. correct=right
11. be happy with=be satisfied with
12. run over=overflow; flow out(of)【wise,men,in,history】
13. be amazed at=be very surprised at
四． 语法
1. 反义疑问句
2. 句子类型（简单句）
Unit1巩固练习
一. 请写出下列单词的同根词
1.golden ________ 2.agreement ____________
3.real __________ 4.truth___________
5.certain___________ 6.correct___________
二.请写出下列单词或词组的同义词或词组
1.overflow; flow out of ____________ 2.right __________
3.appear__________ 4.a smaller amount of____________
5.having no doubts; sure____________ 6.be very surprised at________________
7.not afraid_________ 8.be satisfied with ___________________
9.true__________ 10.be not sure_____________
11.make…full of…________________ 12.true facts________________
三.根据句子意思，用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.He made a _________(gold)crown for the king.
2.This watch is very expensive. You should ask for your parents’ __________(agree) first.
3.My grandpa has a diamond, and it is a _______(really) one.
4.The police caught the stranger and asked him to tell the ________(true).
5.---Do you think he is tricking you?
---Yes, I am quite______(certainly).
6.Mr. Smith asked one of the students to tell the __________(correctly)answer.
7.This question seems ___________(difficulty) to answer.
8.Tom went __________ (straight) home after school.
9.He ________(weight) the watermelon and bought it.
10.She has _________(little) money than her sister.
四.选择填空。
( A.beautiful B.expensive C.nice D.true
( to be unhappy. What’s wrong with him？
A.shows B.appears C.feels D.becomes
( A.was not sure B.cared about C.felt happy with D.was certain
( A.filled…with B.fulled…with C.fulled…of D.made…full of
( A.satisfied B.sure C.amazed D. thought to be
( )6. He asked the king _______some gold______the same weight.
A.to;at B.for;at C.for;of D.to; of
( )7. I don’t want to stay here_______.
A.any long B.any longer C.some long D.some longer
( )8.This problem _________ difficult _______solve.
A.looks; to B.seem; as C.seems; as D.look; to
( )9.The man was sent to________ prison for stealing money.
A./ B. a C.an D.the
( )10.---Jack didn’t go to school yesterday,did he?
---_______. Because I saw him in the school library.
A. Yes, he didn’t B.Yes, he did C.No, he did D.No, he didn’t
( )11.He ______ make the crown _______gold, did he?
A.didn’t; by B.did; by C.did; with D.didn’t ; with
( )12.That’s_______ I am angry.
A.that B.why C.how D.where
( )13. Tom, let’s have dinner with him tonight, ________?
A.don’t you B.aren’t you C.will you D.shall we
( )14.What is the crown made_______, gold or something ________?
A.with; other B.of; else C.by;besides D.from;except
( )15.Women were not allowed_______ the Olympics in ancient Greece.
A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.from watching
( )16.He should not speak _______public.
A.in B.by C.on D.after
( )17.He used ________through the city every day,_________?
A.walking;didn’t he B.to be walking; was he
C.to walking;wasn’t he D.to walk;didn’t he
( )18.How______the boy______!
A.exciting; does B.excited;was C.excited;did D.to walk;didn’t he
( )19.He was still thinking about this problem ______ he filled his
bath______water.
A.though;from B.as; with C.when; of D.while;by
( )20.I ______ a good student,_______?
A.amn’t; am me B.am ; amn’t I C.am;aren’t I D.aren;t; am I
Unit 1 Wise men in history(1)
Date:_______ name:_______
【知识要点】
★ 必记单词
golden adj. 金的；金色的 Olympics n. [pl.]奥运会
agreement n. 同意；应允 pot n. 罐
doubt v. 不能肯定；对„„没把握 real adj. 真的；正宗的
truth n. 真相；实情 seem v. 好像；似乎
solve v. 解决；处理 fill v. 装满；注满
bowl n. 碗；盆 brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的
metal n. 金属 certain adj. 确定的；肯定的
prison n. 监狱；牢狱 hit v. (hit，hit)(用手或器具)击；打 correct adj. 准确无误的；正确的 mistake n. 错误
less det.（与不可数名词连用）较少的；更少的
★ 常考短语
in ancient Greece 在古希腊
(be) happy with （对某人或事物）满意的 = be pleased/satisfied with
fill…with… 用„„把„„装满 think about = consider 考虑；思考 be filled with=be full of 充满；装满 run over 溢出
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 one…the other… 一个„„另一个„„ send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱 tell the truth 说实话
make sure 确保；设法保证 something else 别的东西
both…and… „„和„„都„„
be made of +看得见的原材料 由„„制成
be made from +看不见的原材料 由„„制成
be made by + sb. 被某人制成
★ 课文解析
1. At first, he was very happy with it.
(1) at first "起初"
辨析：at first与first of all【wise,men,in,history】【wise,men,in,history】
At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind.
起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。
First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance. 首先，打开窗子，然后关掉煤气，如果需要，叫一辆救护车。
(2) be happy with sb./sth 意为“对某人或事物满意的”，
=be pleased/satisfied with sb./sth
His teacher is happy with him. 他的老师对他很满意。
She is happy with what I've done. 她对我做的很满意。
2. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown.
(1) however"然而"
辨析：however与but，二者都有“然而，但是”的意思，其区别如下：
however“然而；不过”，比较正式，可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾；其前面或 后面要用逗号隔开，如在句中，其前后都要加逗号。
It's raining hard,however,they're still working in the field.
雨下得很大，然而他们仍然在地里干活。
but“但是”，表示很明显的对比，转折的意味比however要强，从语序上看，but 总是置于引出的分句之首。
I'd like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now.
我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我现在必须整理花园。
(2) begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，同义词组为begin doing sth.。
When can I begin to work? 我什么时候能开始工作呢？
When I got there,the singer had already begun singing.
当我到那儿时，歌手已经开始唱歌了。
(3) doubt此处用作及物动词，意为“不能肯定，对„„无把握”。
He doubts the truth of the news. 他怀疑那件新闻的真实性。
I don't doubt that she'll come. 她一定来，我不怀疑。
【拓展】①doubt用作不及物动词，意为“怀疑”，其后常接of,about。
She doubts about everything. 她对一切都怀疑。
He doubts of his success. 他怀疑他能否成功。
②doubt后接宾语从句时，名词从句用if/whether引导，名词从句也可用that引导。 I doubt if/whether she will keep her word. 我怀疑她是否会遵守诺言。
I don't doubt that we will win. 我们会获胜是没有疑问的。
(4) real形容词，意为“真的，正宗的”，其副词形式为really。
This is a real dog,not a toy. 那是一条真正的狗，不是玩具狗。
辨析：real与true
3. “Is it made completely of gold?”he wondered.
be made of "由„„制成"。
辨析：be made of与 be made from
【中考﹒链接】
Books are made paper while paper is mainly made wood.
A. of;of B. from;from C. of;from D. from;of
4.“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?”thought Archimedes.
seem用作连系动词，意为“似乎，好像”，本句中后接形容词作表语，这种用法较 常见，可以和seem to be相互转换。
He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry. 他好像非常生气。
用作实意动词，可接to do sth
He seems to sing. 他似乎在唱歌。
5. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water.
fill…with… 意为“用„„把„„装满”，其被动语态形式为be filled with，相当于 be full of
6. …so I'm certain that it's not completely made of gold.
certain用作形容词，意为“确定的，肯定的”。
常用结构：
①be certain+从句 一定„„
I'm not certain where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪儿。
②be certain to do sth. 肯定要做某事
He is certain to finish the task on time. 他肯定会按时完成任务。
③be certain of/about sth. 对„„确信，有把握
We're certain of success. 我们有把握成功。
④be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事
He is certain of winning the match. 他确信能赢这场比赛。
7. What's wrong with it?
What's wrong (with sb. /sth)?是用来询问“某人发生了什么事情或某物出了什么 毛病/故障”等最常用的句型之一。其同义句型为：What's the matte/trouble with...? What's wrong with you? 你怎么了（出什么事了）?
8. That's why I'm angry.
That's why... 意为“那就是„„的原因”，why引导的是表语从句，用陈述语序。 表语从句是在句中作表语的从句，常位于连系动词be,look等的后面。
The alarm clock didn't go off. That's why he was late for school.
闹钟没有响。那就是他上学迟到的原因。
9. How did Archimedes discover the truth?
辨析：discover与invent
这两个词都用作及物动词，都指人们首先见到新鲜事物，但含义不同。
Recently they discovered gold. 最近他们发现了黄金。
Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
10. However,Helen,a brave woman,wanted to watch her son run.
watch sb. do sth 意为“看某人做了某事或经常做某事”，表示看见动作发生、进行 的全过程。其中do为省略to的不定式，作宾语补足语。
I watched her go out of the room just now. 刚才我看到她从房间里出来了。
【拓展】和watch用法相同的动词（组）还有see, hear, make, feel, notice, look at 等。 Did you hear Jack call you? 你听见杰克叫你了吗？（动作结束）
We often hear the girl sing English songs.
我们经常挺大了那个女孩唱英文歌曲。（动作经常发生）
I heard the song wind blowing when it was raining heavily.
下大雨的时候我听见狂风呼啸。（动作正在进行）
11. When you have written something, you should check your work to make sure the
spelling, grammar and punctuation are all correct.
(1) make sure意为“确保，设法保证”，后可接宾语从句或of短语。
Make sure that they know nothing about our plan. 绝对不能让他们知道我们的计划。 They scored another goal and make sure of victory. 他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。
(2) correct 此处用作形容词(=right)，意为“正确的”，其副词为correctly(正确地)。
【拓展】correct用作动词，意为“改正；纠正” correct the mistakes 改正错误
12. „write what kind of mistake it is„
mistake 用作可数名词，意为“错误”，常用短语：make a mistake /mistakes 犯错； by mistake 错误地
You've made several grammatical mistakes in the composition.
你在作文中犯了几处语法错误。
I got on the wrong bus by mistake. 我搭错了公共汽车。
【拓展】mistake还可用作动词，意为“弄错，搞错”。常用短语：mistake „ for „ “把„误认为„”
She didn't speak very clearly, so I mistook what she said.
她说话不是很清楚，所以我误解了她的意思。
He is often mistaken for a famous actor. 他常常被误认为是个名演员。
13. However, no one could find a scale large enough.
①enough此处用作副词，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时，要放在其后。 He runs quickly enough. 他跑得足够快。
It's warm enough in the room. 屋子里够暖和了。
②enough后常接（for+名词/代词+）to do sth.，意为“„足够„做某事”。
The box is light enough for the boy to carry. 这个箱子足够轻，这个男孩能搬动。
Unit 1 Wise men in history
Reading 课 文 讲 解
1. At first, he was very happy with it. 起初，他对此很满意。
(be) happy with（对某人或事物）满意的。相当于(be) happy about / in，此处happy用作表语，表示“满足的；满意的”。如：
We’re all happy with the test results. 我们都对考试结果很满意。 I’m happy about this T-shirt. 我对这件T恤很满意。
2. This problem seems difficult to solve. 这个问题似乎很难解决。
seem 好像；似乎。通常与表示程度概念的名词、形容词连用，表示主观印象。如：
She seems a shy person. 她看起来是个腼腆的人。
Our new teacher seems very kind. 我们的新老师看似很和蔼。
seem to do something的句型还可以转换为it seems that ... 句型。如： He seems to know the fact. = It seems that he knows the fact.
看来他好像知道真实情况。
3. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. 阿基米德一边往浴缸装水，一边还在想着这个问题。
fill ... with ... 用……把……装满。如：
She filled the glass with wine. 她把玻璃杯里装满葡萄酒。
be filled with ... 装满……。如：
The bowl was filled with rice. 这只碗里装满了米饭。
4. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. 他进浴缸的时候，一些水溢了出来。
run over 溢出。如：
Be careful! Your coffee is running over. 小心点儿！你的咖啡溢出来了。 拓展：
run after ... 追赶…… run away 逃走
run out of ... 从……跑出；用完……
5. He then sent the crown maker to prison. 于是他把制作皇冠的人关进了监狱。
send ...to prison 把……关进监狱。相当于put ... to prison。如：
The murderer was sent / put to prison. 那个杀人犯被关进了监狱。
拓展：be in prison 在狱中 break (out of) prison 越狱 escape from prison 越狱 go to prison 入狱 get out of prison 出狱
注意：这些用法中的prison一词前面都不加冠词，指的是囚犯对监狱的动作，如果指非囚犯的一般人，“到监狱去”，则是go to a / the prison。与此用法相似的词有school，hospital等。
【针对练习】
（一）单项选择。
1. The new washing machine uses ______ water and electricity than the old one.
A. little B. few C. less D. fewer
2. — I doubt ______ they’ll arrive.
— Around 7 o’clock.
A. that B. when C. where D. how
3. The boy seemed ______ where to get a boat.
A. to know B. knows C. knowing D. know
4. We shouldn’t send a good person like him to _____ prison.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. He filled the pot with water, ______?
A. did he
（二）单词拼写。
1. He’s a nice man but I d___________ that he will tell the truth.
2. No, it wasn’t a dream; it was r___________.
3. Sorry, I can’t s___________ this Maths problem — it’s too difficult for me.
4. He was so hungry that he ate up a big b___________ of noodles in a second.
5. Look at the dark clouds! I’m c___________ that it’ll rain soon.
（三）完成句子。
1. 他对他现在的生活很满意。
He’s _______ _________________ his life now. B. didn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he
2. 这个杯子里装满了果汁。
The glass ________ _______ _______ juice.
3. 我不知道如何解决这个问题。
I don’t know _______ _______ _______ this problem.
4. 他们打算把这个盗贼送进监狱。
They were going to _______ the thief ______ ________.
5. 我很肯定我会查明事实真相。
I’m certain that I’ll _______ _______ _______ _______.
（四）根据课文意思和首字母提示，写出所缺的单词。
King Hiero of ancient Greece was h______ with his new g_______ c______. But soon he d________ if it was r_____. He asked Archimedes to find out the t_____. At first, the problem s________ difficult to s_____. Archimedes kept thinking about it when he f______ his bath with water. When he took a bath, he saw some water r____ over and he got an idea. He used the crown, some gold, two big b______, two pots and some water to do an experiment. Then he found that a crown made completely of gold d_________ l_____ water than a crown made of gold and another m______. He was c________ that the crown was not completely made of gold. King Hiero was angry and sent the crown maker to p______.
Grammar 语 法 讲 解
A 反意疑问句
反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略式的疑问句构成。若陈述句部分为肯定式，疑问部分一般用否定式；若陈述句部分为否定式，则疑问部分一般用肯定式。陈述句部分如果有动词be、助动词或情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些词。疑问部分的主语一般要用代词形式。如：
Mike was a singer, wasn’t he? 迈克是个歌手，是不是？
Lily came home late, didn’t she? 莉莉很晚到家，是不是？
Ann and Mary won’t come, will they? 安和玛丽不会来了，是吗？
You can’t work out the problem, can you?
你做不出这道题，是吗？
特殊变化的反意疑问句：
1. 陈述句部分若是I am，疑问部分要用aren’t I。如：
I am very happy, aren’t I? 我很开心，不是吗？
2. 陈述句部分主语是everybody, everyone, somebody或these, those时，疑问部分用they作代词；陈述句部分主语是everything, nothing, something或this, that时，疑问部分用it作代词。如：
Everybody is here, aren’t they? 大家都到齐了，是吗？
Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了，是吗？
3 当陈述句部分含有no, never, little, few, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
No one knows you at the university, do they? 这个大学没人认识你，是吗？ She has never been to Australia, has she? 她从未去过澳大利亚，是吗？
4 陈述句部分是“I don’t think / believe + 从句”时，疑问部分用肯定形式且对从句提问。如：
I don’t think you are a teacher, are you? 我认为你不是个教师，对不对？ 5 陈述句部分中含有动词have：
(1) have意思是“有”时，疑问部分有两种形式：
He hasn’t any sisters, has he? （英式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？ He doesn’t have any sisters, does he? （美式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
(2) 当have作“经历；遭受；得到；吃”等意思时，疑问部分只用do的适当形式。如：
You all had a good time, didn’t you? 你们都玩得很愉快，是吗？
(3) 当陈述句谓语动词含有have to，had to时，疑问部分用do的适当形式。如：
We have to get there before six tomorrow, don’t we? 我们明天必须6点前赶到那儿，是不是？
6 当领先的句子为祈使句时，疑问部分一般用will you，有时也用could / would you。如：
Please open the window, will you? 请开窗，好吗？ Don’t open the window, will you? 别开窗，好吗？ 7 以Let’s开头的句子，疑问部分用shall we。如：
Let’s do it right now, shall we? 咱们现在就开始，好吗？
B 句子种类
【中考链接】
(2014·广州中考)
— Sorry I’m late.
— _____ tell me the bus broke down again!
A. Never to
(2014·广东中考) B. Not C. Don’t D. No