好段赏析十篇

【www.guakaob.com--广告师】

好段赏析十篇篇一
《广告赏析十篇》

《中外广告史》作业

广告赏析

 John mullaly 的牙医广告（户外）

 AudiQ7奥迪汽车广告

 Burn可口可乐功能性饮料广告

 Otrivin药品广告

 Slurpee思乐冰广告

 奥利奥广告

 吸烟有害健康公益广告

 农夫山泉健康水篇广告（视频）

 泰国潘婷广告（视频）

 易信广告（视频）

John Mullaly的牙医广告

当你行走在街头，突然看见前方的柱子上张贴着醒目而亮眼的广告，想必你一定会忍不住想要靠近一探究竟。

这是牙医John Mullaly在美国密西根的马斯基根街头发布的一则广告，两圈粉红色的卡纸中间整齐地张贴着写有医生联系方式及地址的圆角小卡片，就像是嘴张开露出的牙齿。

作为一个街头广告，它的吸睛程度绝对是一流的，能让人一看

便有了解详情的欲望。做成牙齿的形状也是呼应广告的主题，即是无声的询问“大家，有要来拔牙么？”

牙齿有问题的话，就快来John Mullaly的诊所吧，在这里，拔牙就像从柱子上把小卡片撕下来那么容易，并不是一件可怕的事。同时可以注意到，小卡片上有“SMILE”的字样，也就是牙医在向大家保证：解决牙齿问题，就可以自信地露出笑容，何乐而不为呢。

简简单单由纸片做成的广告，却能有良好的广告效果，John Mullaly的诊所的创意真是令人惊叹。

AudiQ7奥迪汽车广告+MapGps定位系统

一看到这一系列平面广告，我们便会立刻被图中巨大的绿色工字钉吸引住。四个圈的奥迪标志大家都并不陌生，然而这组广告中并没有出现汽车，连经典的奥迪标志都只是以很小的尺寸出现在广告的角落，整则广告，旨在利用一种更直接的方式表现出其全球定位系统的准确性。

AudiQ7是奥迪公司2005年上市的越野系列，与保时捷卡宴和大众途锐同平台。卡宴注重公路性能，途锐偏向于越野，而Q7则是在二者之间找平衡，尺寸更大，兼顾越野和公路的豪华SUV。

三张图片，分别是在繁华的都市中，横架两岸的大桥上，以及荒无人的沙漠中，工字钉组成蜿蜒的路线，清楚地表达出：不管你是穿行在怎样的环境中，定位系统总能准确地找到你所在的位置。

系列图中的文案使用了同一句话：“Dejate llevar”，西班牙语的“放手去闯”，即是向消费者做出承诺，有了AudiQ7所使用的MapGps定位系统，便可“放手去闯”，不用担心会迷失方向。

无需赘言，我们可以清楚地领略到广告要表达的意思。MapGps定位系统的强大，我们感受的到。

拥有Q7，放手去闯！

好段赏析十篇篇二
《英文五十篇美文赏析》

五十篇美文赏析

Passage 1

Internet May Cause Depression

Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.

Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.

Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.

The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless ―virtual‖ relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.

―But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology; it’s about how it is used‖, says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s sponsors. ―It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.‖

Passage 2

Message from the Sea

In 1956 a young sailor at sea was feeling very far from his family and friends. He wrote a note and put it into a bottle. Then he closed the bottle and threw it into the ocean. The note in the bottle asked any pretty girl who found it to write to him.

Two years later a man was fishing on a shore in Sicily. The fisherman saw the sailor’s bottle and picked it up. As a joke, he gave it to his pretty daughter. Still as a joke, the girl wrote the lonely sailor a letter. More letters went back and forth. Soon the sailor visited Sicily. He and the girl were married in 1958.

This is just one of the many stories about drifting bottles that have changed people’s lives. Strange as it may seem, a sealed bottle is a good traveler at sea. It can travel safely through storms that destroy ships. And glass well last almost forever.

The speed of a drifting bottle changes with the wind and the ocean current. A bottle drifting in a quiet place may not move a mile in a month. Another bottle may move 100 miles in a day. But no one can be sure just where a bottle will go. For example, two bottles of the same size, shape and weight were dropped at the same time into the ocean near Brazil. The first bottle drifted

east for 130 days. It was found on a shore in Africa. The second bottle went northwest for 196 days, and was found in Nicaragua. Two other bottles, which were thrown into middle of the Atlantic Ocean, landed 350 days later in France, only a few yards from each other.

Passage 3

Identifying Supporting Details

As we have noted, the main idea is usually strengthened by such details as examples, reasons, facts, and other specific details. All of these specific details are called supporting details. Without them, it would be difficult to fully understand the more general main idea.

To illustrate, imagine a friend saying to you, ―My English teacher is terrible.‖ You would understand the general idea that your friend dose not like his English teacher, but you wouldn’t understand exactly why. Your friend might then go on to clarify with some supporting details: ―He is always late for class and he never corrects our homework. What’s more, he is very important with us and tends to get angry for no reason at all.‖ Those supporting details clarify your friend’s general comment, his English teacher is really terrible.

These are two kinds of supporting details — major and minor. The main idea and its major supporting details form the basic framework of paragraphs. The major details are the primary points that support the main idea. Paragraphs often contain minor details as well. While the major details explain and develop the main idea, they, in turn, are expanded upon by the minor supporting details. An important reading skill is the ability to find these major details and to distinguish them from the minor ones. Clearly, both the major and minor details are needed for the reader to really understand the main idea.

Passage 4

Caring for a Dog

Dog owners are responsible for feeding and cleaning their pets. They should also oversee the health of their dogs. It’s best to consult a veterinarian at the first sign of a dog ailment.

A dog can be fed the dry meal, biscuit, semi-moist and cellophane-wrapped, or canned type of dog food. Whichever type is selected must contain the carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins essential for the animal’s well-being. As a rule, the cost of feeding a large dog can be kept low by giving it the inexpensive dry meal type.

A puppy should be housebroken as soon as possible. When the puppy takes its first water or food, note how long it takes for the puppy to urinate or defecate. When you discover the schedule, take the pup outside when the prescribed time has elapsed after feeding or drinking. Soon, the puppy will associate the outdoors with toilet function and will no longer soil the house or the newspapers that have been spread around its living area.

Young puppies should not be excessively groomed. A daily brushing with a soft brush is sufficient to remove surface dust and dirt. Some authorities believe that to conserve its natural skin oils a pup should not be completely bathed until its first birthday. Mud and deep dirt in its coat, however, can be removed with a damp, warm washrag. Afterward, the puppy should be completely dried with a rough towel. A dog can then have a complete bath when it is old enough, but it must be kept in the house until thoroughly dry, especially during winter.

Passage 5

Waterways

Despite the road improvements of the turnpike era (1790-1830), Americans continued as in colonial times to depend wherever possible on water routes for travel and transportation. The larger rivers, especially the Mississippi and the Ohio, became increasingly useful as steamboats grew in number and improved in design.

River boats carried to New Orleans the corn and other crops of northwestern farmers, the cotton and tobacco of southwestern planters. From New Orleans, ships took the cargoes on to eastern seaports. Neither the farmers of the west nor the merchant of the east were completely satisfied with this pattern of trade. Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative existed of sending them directly eastward to market, and merchants could sell larger quantities of their manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically to the west.

New waterways were needed. Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood in the way of action by the federal government, and necessary expenditures were too great for private enterprise. If extensive canals were to be dug, the job would be up to the various states.

New York was the first to act. It had the natural advantage of a comparatively level route between the Hudson River and Lake Erie, through the only break in the entire Appalachian Mountain chain. Yet the engineering tasks were imposing. The distance was more than 350 miles, and there were ridges to cross and a wilderness of woods and swamps to penetrate. The Erie Canal, begun in 1817 and completed in 1825, was by far the greatest construction job that Americans had ever undertaken. It quickly proved a financial success as well. The prosperity of the Erie encouraged the state to enlarge its canal system by building several branches.

Passage 6

Cartoons

Millions of people struggle out of bed each morning, fumble into some clothes, and make their way to a cup of coffee and the morning newspaper. They need something cheerful to remind them that the rest of the day will be less difficult than getting up. This need may be the reason that

many of them turn their half-opened eyes to the comics section of the newspaper as they sip their first cups of coffee of the day.

Cartoons reflect the times and the troubles and worries of people. They give people an opportunity to laugh at themselves and at familiar situations. In times of prosperity, for example, cartoons show people enjoying the good economic situation. They also make fun of the problems that people make for themselves — like making a problem out of which type of car to buy. In hard times — times of economic troubles — people want someone or something to blame their troubles on. Cartoons provide scapegoats. They also help people to see the humor in a not-so-funny situation. For example, a cartoon might say that government of a country is responsible for the bad economy and also show the government leaders as a group of ridiculous people. Being able to use the leaders as scapegoats and to laugh at the leaders somehow makes people feel better about their situation.

Cartoons also make people laugh at their own personal worries. Young people who are not always sure of how to act can smile at their awkwardness. Old people whose grown children pay little attention to them can chuckle at their neglect and loneliness. Students who have studied too little before examination can laugh at their anxiety. Everyone’s problems are made bigger-than-life in the comics. Perhaps the problems seem funny because there is humor in something that is real being made unreal.

Passage 7

A Society of Employees

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago ―being employed‖ meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population — growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist’s trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the

greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

Passage 8

Snoring Kids Do Worse in School

Children who snore perform worse at school, according to a new study by German scientists. ―Our study clearly showed that snoring has a detrimental effect on children’s performance in school,‖ said Christian Poets, head of a joint study by the University of Tuebingen and the Hanover Medical School. Scientists monitored the sleeping behavior of 1,144 school children aged between eight to ten in the western city of Hanover, measuring pulse rates and blood oxygen levels. The study showed that children who snored continually were three to four times as likely as non-snorers to get poor marks in math, spelling and elementary sciences. Snorers had more variable pulse rates, and Poets suggested this led snorers to wake up more tired than other children, making it harder to concentrate. ―We believe the interruptions to sleep caused by snoring affect school performance, not an occasional reduction in the (blood) oxygen content snoring can produce,‖ Poets told reporters. The study matched the findings of scientists at the University of Louisville in the United States, who presented research recently showing that children who snore are more likely to have problems with learning and behavior than those who do not.

Passage 9

Matching Products and Markets

Marketing has been defined as the process of matching an organization’s resources with customer needs. The result of this process is a product. The need, therefore, for the organization to remain dynamic is obvious because the product is the only key to the organization’s solvency and profitability. No matter how else the organization runs itself cost-effectively and sensibly, if the product is not selling well then the money simply will not be coming in, company and consumer are interdependent.

Successful product management depends on the organization knowing how and if the current product range meets consumer and organizational objectives. One way of doing this, as previously described, is to conduct detailed benefit analysis segmentation.

The most important attitude towards product management is to view the product as only one part of the marketing mix which also includes price, place and promotion. In this way, the product is viewed as a variable which can be adapted or even changed radically to meet a changing market. How it can be changed will depend on several factors within and outside the organization, including the organization’s resources, market conditions and opportunities and competitive threats.

好段赏析十篇篇三
《英文五十篇美文赏析》

Passage 1

Internet May Cause Depression

Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.

Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.

Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.

The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless ―virtual‖ relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.

―But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology; it’s about how it is used‖, says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s sponsors. ―It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.‖

Message from the Sea

In 1956 a young sailor at sea was feeling very far from his family and friends. He wrote a note and put it into a bottle. Then he closed the bottle and threw it into the ocean. The note in the bottle asked any pretty girl who found it to write to him.

Two years later a man was fishing on a shore in Sicily. The fisherman saw the sailor’s bottle and picked it up. As a joke, he gave it to his pretty daughter. Still as a joke, the girl wrote the lonely sailor a letter. More letters went back and forth. Soon the sailor visited Sicily. He and the girl were married in 1958.

This is just one of the many stories about drifting bottles that have changed people’s lives. Strange as it may seem, a sealed bottle is a good traveler at sea. It can travel safely through storms that destroy ships. And glass well last almost forever.

The speed of a drifting bottle changes with the wind and the ocean current. A bottle drifting in a quiet place may not move a mile in a month. Another bottle may move 100 miles in a day. But no one can be sure just where a bottle will go. For example, two bottles of the same size, shape and weight were dropped at the same time into the ocean near Brazil. The first bottle drifted east for 130 days. It was found on a shore in Africa. The second bottle went northwest for 196 days, and was found in Nicaragua. Two other bottles, which were thrown into middle of the Atlantic Ocean, landed 350 days later in France, only a few yards from each other.

Identifying Supporting Details

As we have noted, the main idea is usually strengthened by such details as examples, reasons, facts, and other specific details. All of these specific details are called supporting details. Without them, it would be difficult to fully understand the more general main idea.

To illustrate, imagine a friend saying to you, ―My English teacher is terrible.‖ You would understand the general idea that your friend dose not like his English teacher, but you wouldn’t understand exactly why. Your friend might then go on to clarify with some supporting details: ―He is always late for class and he never corrects our homework. What’s more, he is very important with us and tends to get angry for no reason at all.‖ Those supporting details clarify your friend’s general comment, his English teacher is really terrible.

These are two kinds of supporting details — major and minor. The main idea and its major supporting details form the basic framework of paragraphs. The major details are the primary points that support the main idea. Paragraphs often contain minor details as well. While the major details explain and develop the main idea, they, in turn, are expanded upon by the minor supporting details. An important reading skill is the ability to find these major details and to distinguish them from the minor ones. Clearly, both the major and minor details are needed for the reader to really understand the main idea.

Caring for a Dog

Dog owners are responsible for feeding and cleaning their pets. They should also oversee the health of their dogs. It’s best to consult a veterinarian at the first sign of a dog ailment.

A dog can be fed the dry meal, biscuit, semi-moist and cellophane-wrapped, or canned type of dog food. Whichever type is selected must contain the carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins essential for the animal’s well-being. As a rule, the cost of feeding a large dog can be kept low by giving it the inexpensive dry meal type.

A puppy should be housebroken as soon as possible. When the puppy takes its first water or food, note how long it takes for the puppy to urinate or defecate. When you discover the schedule, take the pup outside when the prescribed time has elapsed after feeding or drinking. Soon, the puppy will associate the outdoors with toilet function and will no longer soil the house or the newspapers that have been spread around its living area.

Young puppies should not be excessively groomed. A daily brushing with a soft brush is sufficient to remove surface dust and dirt. Some authorities believe that to conserve its natural skin oils a pup should not be completely bathed until its first birthday. Mud and deep dirt in its coat, however, can be removed with a damp, warm washrag. Afterward, the puppy should be completely dried with a rough towel. A dog can then have a complete bath when it is old enough, but it must be kept in the house until thoroughly dry, especially during winter.

Waterways

Despite the road improvements of the turnpike era (1790-1830), Americans continued as in colonial times to depend wherever possible on water routes for travel and transportation. The larger rivers, especially the Mississippi and the Ohio, became increasingly useful as steamboats grew in number and improved in design.

River boats carried to New Orleans the corn and other crops of northwestern farmers, the cotton and tobacco of southwestern planters. From New Orleans, ships took the cargoes on to eastern seaports. Neither the farmers of the west nor the merchant of the east were completely satisfied with this pattern of trade. Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative existed of sending them directly eastward to market, and merchants could sell larger quantities of their manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically to the west.

New waterways were needed. Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood in the way of action by the federal government, and necessary expenditures were too great for private enterprise. If extensive canals were to be dug, the job would be up to the various states.

New York was the first to act. It had the natural advantage of a comparatively level route between the Hudson River and Lake Erie, through the only break in the entire Appalachian Mountain chain. Yet the engineering tasks were imposing. The distance was more than 350 miles, and there were ridges to cross and a wilderness of woods and swamps to penetrate. The Erie Canal, begun in 1817 and completed in 1825, was by far the greatest construction job that Americans had ever undertaken. It quickly proved a financial success as well. The prosperity of the Erie encouraged the state to enlarge its canal system by building several branches.

好段赏析十篇篇四
《十篇好文章》

1.你有没有虚度此生

那个星期天是一个寒冷的冬日。教堂的停车很快就停满了汽车，当我走出我的汽车站时，我注意到我的教友们正一边向教堂走去一边低声议论着什么。当我走近时，看见一个男人正斜靠着教堂外面的墙壁躺在地上，好像睡着了似的。他上向穿着一件几乎已经破成碎片的军用防水短上衣，头上戴一顶破帽子，那顶帽子被拉下来遮住了他的脸。倔的脚上穿着一双看起来差有多有三十年历史的旧鞋子，而且对倔来说，那双鞋子也太小了，上面还布满了破洞，他的脚趾头都露在了外面。

我猜这个男人是一个无家可归的流浪汉。我继续朝前走进了教堂。我和我的教友们寒暄了一会儿，然后，有人提到了那个正躺在外面的男人。人们窃笑着，闲谈着，但是没有一个人请他进到

教堂里来，包括我。过了一会儿，讲道开始了。我们全都等待着牧师走到讲道坛上去，给我们讲道。就在这时，教堂的门开了。

进来的不是别人，正是那个无家可归的流浪汉。他低着头沿着走廊向前走去。人们屏着气，低声议论着，做着鬼脸。他步履蹒跚地走过走廊，登上讲道坛，脱掉了他的帽子和上衣。我的心沉了下去，前面站着的正是我们的牧师－－那个“无家可的流浪汉”。没有人说话。牧师拿出他的《圣经》，放到讲台上。“教友们，我想，不用我说，你们也知道我今天要讲什么内容了吧。”然后，他就开始唱下面这首歌：

“如果在我经过的时候，我能帮助别人； 如果我能用一个字或者一首歌鼓励别人； 如果我能在别人犯错的时候为他指也来； 那我就没有虚度此生。”

2.人生如水

有一个人总是落魄不得志，便有人向他推荐智

者。

智者沉思良久，默然舀起一瓢水，问：“这水是什么形状？”这人摇头：“水哪有什么形状？”智者不答，只是把水倒入杯子，这人恍然：“我知道了，水的形状像杯子。”智者无语，又把杯子中的水倒入旁边的花瓶，这人悟道：“我知道了，水的形状像花瓶。”智者摇头，轻轻端起花瓶，把水倒入一个盛满沙土的盆。清清的水便一下融入了沙土，不见了。

这个人陷入了沉默与思索。智者弯身抓起一把沙土，叹道：“看，水就这么消逝了，这也是一生！”

这个人对智者的话咀嚼良久，高兴地说：“我知道了。您是通过水告诉我，社会处处像一个个

规则的容器，人应该像水一样，盛进什么容器就是什么形状。而且，人还极可能在一个规则的容器中消逝，就像这水一样，消逝得迅速、突然，而且一切无法改变！”

“是这样。”智者拈须，转而又说：“又不是这样！”说毕，智者出门，这人随后。在屋檐下，智者伏下身子，手在青石板的台阶上摸了一会儿，然后顿住。这人把手指伸向刚才智者所触摸之地，他感到有一个凹处。他不知道这本来平整的石阶上的“小窝”藏着什么玄机。

智者说：“一到雨天，雨水就会从屋檐落下，看这个凹处就是水落下的结果。”

此人遂大悟：“我明白了，人可能被装入规则的容器，但又应该像这小小的水滴，改变着这坚硬的青石板，直到破坏容器。”

人生如水，我们既要尽力适应环境，也要努力

改变环境，实现自我。

3.你努力了吗

1927年，美国阿肯色州的密西西比河大堤被洪水冲垮，一个9岁的黑人小孩的家被冲毁。在洪水即将吞噬他的一刹那，母亲用力把他拉上了堤坡。

1932年，男孩8年级毕业了，因为阿肯色州的中学不招收黑人，他只能到芝加哥读中学，家里没有那么多钱。那时，母亲就做出了一个惊人的决定——让男孩复读一年。她则为整整50名工人洗衣、熨衣、做饭，为孩子攒钱上学。

1933年夏天，家里凑足了那笔血汗钱，母亲带着男孩踏上了火车，奔向陌生的芝加哥。在芝加哥，母亲靠当佣人谋生。男孩以优异的成绩中学毕业，后来又顺利地读完大学。

好段赏析十篇篇五
《阅读十篇》

1．我会通顺地读下面一段话，还能完成练习。

在古时候，一个学生问老师：“话说得多有用，还是说得少有用？”老师打了个比方回答：“你看池塘里的青蛙，整日整夜地叫着，却从来没有人理会它。你看公鸡，只在黎明前啼几声，却起了报时钟的作用。话不在多少，在于是否有用。”

①这段话共有 句。

②这个故事发生的时间是 。

③青蛙整天呱呱叫，却 ，而公鸡只在黎明前啼叫几声，却 。

④一个人说的话不在于多少，而在于 。

2．我会排句子，再括号里填上序号。

（ ）他想：这是谁扔的呢？真不讲卫生。

（ ）忽然，他看见地上有团白白的东西。

（ ）下课了，王良到操场上玩。

（ ）于是，他连忙把废纸拾起来扔进垃圾箱里。

3．你能看出下面的格言是提醒我们什么的吗？

一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。

时间是挤出来的。

最宝贵的东西莫过于“今天”。

4.把下面左右两边的词语用“像”连起来写四句话。

柳树的枝条 洁白的大玉盘

天上的月亮 五彩洒金的大扇子

孔雀的尾巴 天上的朵朵白云

chóo

草原上的羊群 绿色的丝绸

（1）

（2）

（3）

（4）

三只白鹤

一天中午，三只白鹤在河里捉了许多鱼。他们吃得饱饱的，把剩下的一条大鱼埋在地里，留着明天吃。

第一只白鹤抬头看了看太阳，记住大鱼埋在太阳底下。第二只白鹤抬头看了看天空，记住大鱼埋在白云下面。第三只白鹤看了看河边的大柳树，记住大鱼埋在柳树旁边。

第二天，太阳刚刚升起，三只白鹤都睡醒了。第一只白鹤朝太阳飞去。第二只白鹤朝白云飞去。第三只白鹤飞到河边，落在大柳树旁边。

哪只白鹤能找到埋在地里的大鱼呢？

1、 读一读：画出不认识的汉字，查一查字典。

2、 文中一共写了 只白鹤。第一只白鹤记住大鱼埋在 。第

二只白鹤记住大鱼埋在 。第三只白鹤记住大鱼埋在 。

3、第 只白鹤能找到埋在地里的大鱼。因为

4、你喜欢哪只白鹤？为什么？

照样子填写成语。

（大）同（小）异 （ ）（ ）分明 （ ）应（ ）合

（ ）里 逃 （ ） 一（ ）所（ ） 三（ ）两（ ）

自（ ）自（ ） （ ）材（ ）用 名（ ）实（ ）

（ ）中 生（ ） 扶（ ）携（ ） （ ）（ ）两难

猜谜语。

1小姑娘，黑又黑，秋去南方春往北，一心要剪云间锦，带把剪刀飞上天。

打一鸟名（ ）

2说它是头牛，不能拉犁头。说它力气小，却能背屋走。

打一小生物（ ）

果园

春天，我走进果园，各种果树含笑相迎。

到了秋天，果园里各种果树的叶子不像原来那样翠绿了，早已成熟的桃子黄里透红，让人一看，口水都要流出来了。还有苹果，是那么红，那么香，那么逗人喜爱。那晶莹透明的葡萄，如串串珍珠，圆润可爱。

啊！好一派迷人的秋色。

1. 短文介绍了果园都有哪些水果？

2.你最喜欢哪一种水果？为什么？

太阳和虹

刚下过雨，太阳出来了，天上出现了一道美丽的彩虹。人们都说：“多美呀！好漂亮啊！”

虹听了，高兴极了，觉得自己真了不起，谁也比不了我。

太阳对虹说：“你美丽，这是真的。不过，要是没有我，也就没有你了。” 虹听了，很不服气，他说：“我才不相信呢！”

太阳摇摇头，躲到云背后去了。刚才还在得意的虹，立刻就不见了。

1、虹在什么时候才能出现？

2、虹听到别人的夸奖时，表现怎样？

3、虹为什么又不见了呢？

4、读了这个故事，你想对虹说些什么？

3、读一读，把每一行中不是同一类的词划去。

① 银杏树 杨树 枣树 松果

② 青蛙 猫头鹰 羽毛 熊猫

③ 铅笔 电笔 毛笔 钢笔

鞋帮和鞋底

有这么一只鞋，它的鞋帮看不起鞋底。

一天，它对鞋底说：“看你，又黑又丑，怪不得主人把你踩在脚下。看看我，又漂亮又干净，主人还常给我脸上擦油，你根本就不配跟我在一起。”鞋底听了，一句话也没说，伤心地走了。

第二天，主人看见鞋子缺了鞋底，就把鞋帮扔进了垃圾堆。垃圾堆又脏又臭，鞋帮生活得实在糟糕。

但是，它后悔已经来不及了。

1、鞋底什么样？

2、鞋帮什么样？

3、鞋帮后悔什么？

4、读了这个寓言，你想对鞋帮说些什么？

把下面的句子按一定的顺序排好，在（ ）里写上序号。

（ ）它好像在说：

（ ）我在花盆里种了几颗豆子。

（ ）不住地点头。

（ ）“春天多么美好啊！”

（ ）嫩绿的叶子在阳光下。

（ ）过了些日子，豆子发芽了。

填反义词。

谈（ ）说（ ） （ ）惊（ ）怪 （ ）差（ ）错 （ ）离（ ）别 （ ）潮（ ）讽 （ ）入（ ）出

小兔白白

小兔白白，种了一片白菜，白菜长得真可爱。

过了几天菜叶上出现了几个小洞洞。白白见了好心疼，这是谁啄的呀？！ 白白去问鸭子：“是你啄了我的白菜吗？”

鸭子说：“我是扁嘴巴，不会啄出小洞洞的。

白白去问花猫，花猫说：“我只吃炒熟的菜，从来不吃生的。”

白白见到了公鸡，立刻生气地说：“准是你干的，你的嘴巴尖尖的，把我种的菜给啄伤了。你赔（pei）！你赔！”

公鸡不承认，就跟着白白去看白菜。

噢，干坏事的原来是菜青虫，它们都躲（duǒ）在菜叶的背面呢！

白白对公鸡说：“对不起，我不该怀（huái）疑（yí）你。”

公鸡说：“没关系！我来帮你捉虫吧，这种肉虫我很爱吃„„”

1短文中的“小洞洞”是指（ ）

2“小洞洞”是谁搞（gǎo）的，用“ ”画下来。

3你喜欢短文中的哪种小动物？为什么？

冬姑娘来到公园。她看到许多许多的人，男的、女的、老的、少的，有的在滑冰，有的在打雪仗，堆雪人，还有的在冰天雪地里看雪景，写诗画画、拍照留影。他们都被这美丽的雪景迷住了。

1这段短文描写的是 季节，冬姑娘来到什么地方 。

2短文中写冬姑娘看到人们进行的活动有 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 。

3读了这段短文你感受到 。

．我会填——关于秋天的词语：

一叶知秋 春种秋收 春兰秋菊 春花秋月 秋色宜人

秋分过耳 秋分萧瑟 秋雨绵绵

好段赏析十篇篇六
《摘抄》

基础、墙、梁、柱、板、屋面等 —— 支撑作用

外墙、屋面、窗等 —— 围护作用

门、窗、天窗等 —— 通风、采光作用

门、过道、走廊、楼梯、台阶等 —— 内外联系及上下交通作用

内墙、隔断等 —— 分隔作用

天沟、雨水管、散水、雨绷、明沟 —— 排水作用

勒脚、防潮层等 —— 护墙作用

阳台、平台等 —— 晾晒作用

建筑施工图： 反映建筑物的规划位置、内外装修、构造及施工要求等。有首页（图纸目录、设计总

说明）、总平面图、平面图、立面图、剖面图和详图。

结构施工图： 反映建筑物承重结构的布置、构件类型、材料、尺寸和构造作法等。有结构设计说明、

基础图、结构布置平面图和构件详图。

设备施工图： 反映建筑物给水排水、采暖、通风、电器等设备的布置和施工要求等。有各设备的平

面布置图、系统图和详图。

1、剖面图：剖开物体，将处在观察者和剖切平面之间的部分移去，而将其余部分向投影面投射所得

的图形称为剖面图。

2、断面图：剖切平面，仅画出该剖切面与物体接触部分的图形，并在该图形内画上相应的材料图例，

这样的图形称为断面图。

定位轴线：是用来确定房屋主要结构或构件的位置及其尺寸的基线。

建筑总平面图的识读

（1）了解图名、比例及其有关文字说明。

（2）了解工程性质、用地范围、地形地貌和周围环境情况。

（3）了解新建建筑的平面形状和准确位置。

（4）了解房屋室内地面和室外平面绝对标高。

（5）了解建筑的朝向和风向，看指北针或风向频率玫瑰图。

（6）了解新建房屋四周的道路、绿化。

（7）了解建筑物周围的给水、排水、供暖和供电的位置，管线布置走向。

建筑平面图的图示内容

（1）表示所有轴线及其编号，以及墙、柱、墩的位置、尺寸。

（2）表示出所有房间的名称及其门窗的位置、编号与大小。

（3）注出室内外的有关尺寸及室内楼地面的标高。

（4）表示电梯、楼梯的位置及楼梯上下行方向及主要尺寸。

（5）表示阳台、雨篷、台阶、斜坡、烟道、通风道、管井、消防梯、雨水管、散水、排水沟、

花池等位置及尺寸。

（6）画出室内设备，如卫生器具、水池、工作台、隔断及重要设备的位置、形状。

（7）表示地下室、地坑、地沟、墙上预留洞、高窗等位置尺寸。

（8）在底层平面图上还应画出剖面图的剖切符号及编号，左下方或右下方画出指北针。

（9）标注有关部位的详图索引符号。

（10）综合反映其他工种如水、暖、电、煤气等对土建工程的要求：各工种要求的水池、地沟、

配电箱、消火栓、预埋件、墙或楼板上的预留洞等在平面图中需标明其位置和尺寸。

（11）屋顶平面图上一般应表示出女儿墙、檐沟、屋面坡度、分水线与雨水口、变形缝、楼梯间、

水箱间、天窗、上人孔、消防梯及其他构筑物、索引符号等。

一层平面图的识读

（1）了解平面图的图名、比例。

（2）了解建筑的朝向，看指北针。

（3）了解建筑的结构形式。

（4）了解建筑的平面布置。

（5）了解建筑平面图上的尺寸。

（6）了解建筑中各组成部分的标高情况。

（7）了解门窗的位置及编号。

（8）了解建筑剖面图的剖切位置、索引标志。

（9）了解各专业设备的布置情况。

建筑剖面图的识读

（1）了解图名、比例，与底层平面图对照，确定剖切位置及投影方向。

（2）了解房屋内部构造和结构形式，如各层梁板、楼板、屋面的结构形式、位置及其与墙（柱）

相互关系。

（3）了解可见的部分，看楼地面、屋面构造。

（4）了解剖面图上的尺寸标注，看房屋各部位的高度，如房屋总高、室外地坪各层楼面及楼梯平

台等标高。

（5）了解详图索引符号的位置和编号。

（6）看图中有关部位坡度的标注。

墙身详图

图示内容：主要表达地

面、楼面、屋面和檐口等

处的构造，楼板与墙体的

连接形式以及门窗洞口、

窗台、勒脚、防潮层、散

水等细部做法。

楼梯平面图识读方法：

（1）了解楼梯间在建筑中的位置。

（2）了解楼梯间的开间、进深，墙体的厚度，门窗的位置。

（3）了解楼梯段、楼梯井和休息平台的平面形式、位置，踏步的宽度和数量。

（4）了解楼梯的走向以及上下行的起步位置。

（5）了解楼梯段各层平台的标高。

（6）在一层平面图中了解楼梯剖面图的剖切位置及剖视方向。

楼梯平面图

（1）楼梯间的位置。

（2）楼梯间的开间、进深、墙体的厚度。

（3）梯段的长度、宽度以及楼梯段上踏步的宽度和数量。

（4）休息平台的形状、大小和位置。

（5）楼梯井的宽度。

（6）各层楼梯段的起步尺寸。

（7）各楼层、各平台的标高。

（6）在底层平面图中还应标注出楼梯剖面图的剖切位置（及剖切符号）。

钢筋

1）受力筋 构件中承受拉应力和压应力的钢筋。用于梁、板、柱等各种钢筋混凝土构件中。

2）箍筋 构件中承受一部分斜拉应力（剪应力），并固定纵向钢筋的位置。用于梁和柱中。

3）架立筋 与梁内受力筋、箍筋一起构成钢筋的骨架。

4）分布筋 与板内受力筋一起构成钢筋的骨架，垂直于受力筋。

5）构造筋 因构造要求和施工安装需要配置的钢筋。

钢筋的保护层 ：为了使钢筋在构件中不被锈蚀，加强钢筋与混凝土的粘结力，在各种构件中的

受力筋外面，必须要有一定厚度的混凝土，这层混凝土就被称为保护层。

半圆弯钩：6.25d

封闭箍筋：5d

（三）钢筋混凝土构件的图示方法和尺寸注法

1、图示方法

钢筋混凝土构件详图是加工制作钢筋、浇筑混凝土的依据，其内容包括

模板图、配筋图、钢筋表和文字说明等。

1）模板图 主要表示构件的外形、尺寸、标高以及预埋件的位置等，作为制作、安装模板和

预埋件的依据。

2）配筋图 主要用来表示构件内部钢筋布置情况的图样。它分为立面图、断面图和钢筋详图。

配筋图与钢筋表配合识读很有用

立面图 主要表示构件内钢筋的形状及其上下排列位置。

断面图 主要表示构件内钢筋的上下和前后配置情况以及箍筋形状等。钢筋详图 主要表示

构件内钢筋的形状。

基础平面图的识读

（1）了解图名、比例。

（2）与建筑平面图对照，了解基础平面图的定位轴线。

（3）了解基础的平面布置，结构构件的种类、位置、代号。

（4）了解剖切编号，通过剖切编号了解基础的种类，各类基础的平面尺寸。

（5）阅读基础设计说明，了解基础的施工要求、用料。

（6）联合阅读基础平面图与设备施工图，了解设备管线穿越基础的准确位置，洞口的形状、大小

以及洞口上方的过梁要求。

基础详图的识读

（1）了解图名与比例，因基础的种类往往比较多，读图时，将基础详图的图名与基础平面图的剖

切符号、定位轴线对照，了解该基础在建筑中的位置。

（2）了解基础的形状、大小与材料。

（3）了解基础各部位的标高，计算基础的埋置深度。

（4）了解基础的配筋情况。

（5）了解垫层的厚度尺寸与材料。

（6）了解基础梁的配筋情况。

（7）了解管线穿越洞口的详细做法。

平面注写包括集中标注和原位标注。集中标注表达梁的通用数值，原位标注表达梁的特殊数值。

2Φ22+（4Φ12） 表示2Φ22 为通长，4φ12架立筋，

6Φ25 4/2 表示上部钢筋上排为4Φ25，下排为2Φ25。

2Φ22+ 2Φ22 表示只有一排钢筋，两根在角部，两根在中部，均匀布置。

【如何看建筑施工图】

1.建筑施工图的组成部分

结构设计第一步就是看懂建筑施工图，建筑专业是整个建筑物设计的龙头，没有建筑设计其他专业也就谈不上设计了，所以看懂建筑施工图就显得格外重要。大体上建筑施工图包括以下部分：图纸目录，门窗表，建筑设计总说明，一层~屋顶的平面图，正立面图，背立面图，东立面图，西立面图，剖面图（视情况，有多个），节点大样图及门窗大样图，楼梯大样图（视功能可能有多个楼梯及电梯）。作为一个结构设计师必须认真严谨的把建筑图理一遍，不懂的地方需要向

建筑及建筑图上涉及的其他专业请建，要做到绝对明了建筑的设计构思和意图。

2.图纸目录及门窗表

图纸目录是了解整个建筑设计整体情况的目录，从其中可以明了图纸数量及出图大小和工程号还有建筑单位及整个建筑物的主要功能，如果图纸目录与实际图纸有出入，必须与建筑核对情况。门窗表相信大家不会陌生，就是门窗编号

以及门窗尺寸及做法，这对大家在结构中计算荷载是必不可少的。

3.建筑设计总说明

建筑设计总说明对结构设计是非常重要的，因为建筑设计总说明中会提到很多做法及许多结构设计中要使用的数据，比如：建筑物所处位置（结构中用以确定设防列度及风载雪载），黄海标高（用以计算基础大小及埋深桩顶标高等，没有黄海标高，施工中根本无法施工），墙体做法地面做法楼面做法...等等做法（用以确定各部分荷载），总之看建筑设

计说明时不能草率，这是结构设计正确与否非常重要的一个环节。

4.建筑平面图

建筑平面图就比较直观了，主要信息就是柱网布置及每层房间功能墙体布置门窗布置楼梯位置等。而一层平面图在进行上部结构建模中是不需要的（有架空层及地下室等除外），一层平面图是在做基础时使用，至于如何真正的做结构设计本文不详述，这里只讲如何看建筑施工图。作为结构设计师在看平面图的同时，需要考虑建筑的柱网布置是否合理，不当之处应该讲出理由说服建筑修改，通常不影响建筑功能及使用效果上的修改，建筑也是会同意修改的，如果建筑不改那就只有哭哭再看图(人家是老大，没办法的...），看建筑平面图，了解了各部分建筑功能，基本上结构上的活荷载取值心中就大致有值了，了解了柱网及墙体门窗的布置，柱截面大小梁高以及梁的布置也差不多有数了，反正有墙的下面一定有梁，除非是甲方自理的隔断，轻质墙也最好是立在梁上.值得一提的是，注意看屋面平面图，通常现代建筑为了外立面的效果，都有层面构架，通常都比较复杂，需要仔细的理解建筑的构思必要的时候咨询建筑或索要效果图，力求使自己明白整

个构架的三维形成是什么样子的，这样才不会出错..另外，层面是结构找坡还是建筑找坡也需要了解清楚.

5.建筑立面图

建筑立面图，是对建筑立面的描述，主要是外观上的效果，提供给结构师的信息，主要就是门窗在立面上的标高布置及立面布置以及立面装饰材料及凹凸变化。通常有线的地方就是有面的变化，再就是层高等等信息，这也是对结构荷

载的取定起作用的数据。

好段赏析十篇篇七
《高考满分作文之非常解读之四：行文展现才情篇(含数十篇例文评点)》

高考满分作文之非常解读之四：行文展现才情篇（含数十篇例文评点）

或是词语生动善于引用名言，或是句式灵活摇曳多姿，或是善于运用修辞手法描写形象，或是文句有意蕴富含哲理，或是构思有意境，让人回味无穷。这些都是有文采的表现。可以这样理解，考生在行文中，只要有某一点闪光耀彩的地方，都应该加以肯定和鼓励，以使他们在通顺的基础上所展示的各种语言风采能够得到应有的评价。

如福建一考生的《至圣》中，“个体之圣人，社会之圣人，教育之圣人，文化之圣人。 至圣。”我们不得叹服小作者对中华儒学之始者——孔子作的准确评论。试想如果平时作者不饱读文章,不对孔子生平事迹了如指掌,能写出这么精美的文字吗?

考生可将对生活的思考，读书的修养，写作的本领全面展示给阅卷老师。如将生活的感悟作为文章的主旨，将课外读到的名言名句、名人故事作为论据写入文章，将某文独到的构思“移植”到自己的作文里，将生动活泼、形象风趣的语言模仿到家，等等

如江苏一考生的《鱼的泪·水的心》他用朴素的、似乎不加修饰的笔触，叙写了爷爷奶奶“一生的吵骂生活”。但在这吵骂生活中，我们却看到了潜藏其中的浓浓的爱意。可以这样说，韩剧、言情小说中的那种“爱”，只是水面上灵动的波纹；而爷爷奶奶之间的那种“爱”，却是灵动的波纹所凝结成的深邃的蔚蓝。也是作者对生活的一种独特的感悟。江苏一考生的《灵动与沉稳》全文语言直白，不加褒贬，在原汁原味的描述中诠释着作者对“灵动与沉稳”的感悟，表露着作者对这个敏感话题的鲜明态度。

例文赏析

包 容 （十五）

北京一考生

宠辱不惊，任庭前花开花谢，去留无意，望天上云卷云舒。古之人尚能如此豁达超然，那么，身处现代聒噪环境中的我们，还能否守住那片心灵的净土，留有一份过人的度量？ 齐白石先生说过：人誉之，一笑；人毁之，一笑。面对他人的评价，我们何必太在意个人的荣辱得失，保持一种开阔的心绪去看世界，你会发现人生到处都有风景。因为包容，才有了千古传颂的管仲之交；于是你收获了友情。韩信虽受“胯下之辱”却仍牢记“不知者无罪”，其大将风范可见一斑。陈毅当军长时，有一次微服出行，结果回营时却因为站岗的新兵不认识他而在门口苦等了两个钟头。可他却没有因此怪罪哨兵，反而夸奖他尽职尽责。还有我们伟大的第三代领导人邓小平，在文革中他也曾被批斗，被打成所谓的“反革命”，但他从没有记恨过，相反，他带领着亿万中国人民走出了一条自己的路，使中华民族又重新挺立在世界民族之林。但当他成为人民心中的“神”的时候，他谦逊的说：“我是中国人民的儿子。”这种气概真是令人望尘莫及。也正是在这一次次包容中，帝王将相成其盖世伟业，文客骚人著其千古文章。

海纳百川，山高万仞，因为包容，使我们不断的追求、完善自己。但历史上也不乏有气量狭隘的小人，庞涓嫉妒孙膑的才能，于是想尽办法迫害他，但最终却落得身死人手，为天下笑。三国中周瑜嫉妒诸葛亮的谋略，到死也不知悔悟。仰天长叹：“既生瑜，何生亮！”于是乎，那些“小肚鸡肠”之人一个个溺死在自己的狭隘中，真是作茧自缚，令人悲哉！ 当然，包容不是让我们懦弱，一再忍让，有些事情不是仅有包容就够的，就像日本侵华一事，我们更需要的是一种化悲愤为力量的勇气。中南使馆被炸，中美撞机，我们更需的是自强自立。而对于“台独”我们一定要矢志不渝的坚守一个中国政策，还人民一个完整的中国。

包容像春日扁舟里的放歌；仲夏凉亭中的弄弦；深秋山林中的漫步，隆冬火炉旁的畅谈；它是一种情感的慰藉，心灵的寄托，是人生的落脚处，因为有包容，世间才充满爱，到处满溢风景。

身披一袭灿烂，心系一份执著，带你的包容上路，相信你会踏出美丽人生。

【亮点透视】

本文开篇不俗，隽永的语句，是作者深刻的思想内涵的体现，整句的表述，作者的写作功底可见一斑，首段短短的几句，耐人寻味，引人深思，足可以展示作者的文字底蕴。所用事例丰富，或引经据典，或时事评说，或点到为止，或阐述分析，非一时攒凑可以做到，以此又可看出作者平日较宽的阅读面。最后散文诗似的语言，更为文章增色不少。（点评教师：北京八中 葛小峰）

相信自己？相信别人？

江西一考生

在生活中，你是否提出过这样的疑问：我该相信谁的话呢？又是否问过自己：是相信别人重要，还是相信自己重要呢？实际上，相信别人与相信自己同样重要。我们既不同意固执、自傲，也不懦弱，毫无主见。因此，我们既要相信自己，又要听取别人的意见。

相信自己对一个人的成功有重要作用。有的人对父母言听计从，父母要他学什么，他就学什么，自己毫无主见，你生下来难道是为父母而活的吗？外面的世界很精彩，你不可能永远生活在父母的保护下，总有一天你要离开父母，走上社会，总有一天你的父母会去世，他们就无法再告诉你该如何去做，所以你必须相信自己，把自己投入到社会中去锻炼，去摸索。只有这样你才能在社会中体现真正的自我，才能做一个对社会有用的人。但如果缺乏自信，你就无法体味人生的真谛，总认为自己不如别人，那么在竞争激烈的今天，你就必然被社会所淘汰，成为一个无用之人。像这样因为充满自信而取得成功的例子数不胜数：杨利伟，作为一名飞行员，如果他对自己不够自信，怎么可能沉着地走入太空船，成为中国的“太空第一人”。因此，我们应当拥有自信，相信自己，我是最棒的。

但是仅仅是相信自己，也是不够的，我们还应当相信别人，多听取他人的意见。俗话说：金无足赤，人无完人。人生路如此漫长，没有谁能保证自己完美无缺，不犯错误，总会遇到一些小挫折，小坎坷，但只要及时发现，并改正，那你就可以做到尽量完美，这个时候，光*自信，那是远远不够的，就必须多听取别人的意见，汲取别人的经验教训，这样就能更好地克服重重困难。古语说得好：兼听则明，偏听则暗。说的就是这个道理。如果唐太宗没有听取魏征的谏言，对自己进行批评，怎么可能出现“贞观之治”的繁盛景象；如果达·芬奇没有听取他老师批评，怎么可能成为世界著名画家„„所以，我们也要注意相信别人，这样才能使自己永立不败之地。

综上所述，我们不但要相信自己，也要相信别人。所以，在记住“走自己的路，让别人说去吧”的同时，也请记住一句波兰谚语：常问路的人不会迷失方向。

【亮点透视】本文是一篇规范的议论文，开篇采用设问的方法，提出论点：我们既要相信自己，又要听取别人的意见。接着紧承两个分论点： 相信自己对一个人的成功有重要作用。我们还应当相信别人，多听取他人的意见。最后再次强化论点：我们不但要相信自己，也要相信别人。结构严密，条理分明。文章所引用的杨利伟、唐太宗、达·芬奇的例子很有说服力。

包 容（一）

北京一考生

一百多年前，法国的雨果曾经这样感叹：“世界上最宽广的是海洋，比海洋更宽广的是天空，而比天空更宽广的，是人的胸怀。”古老的东方，人们也世代传承着一句浅白的俗话 ：“宰相肚里能撑船”。法国人的浪漫和中国人的实在碰撞在一起，于是人们发现，包容，超越了国家、语言、民族和文明的界限；包容，是这个美丽星球的子民所共同拥有和赞美的品德。

包容是一种智慧，一种气度。英谚有云：“世上没有不长杂草的花园。”金无足赤，人无

完人，对他人的包容，正是建立在对他人的体谅和理解之上。蔺相如对廉颇的包容，成就了“将相和”的佳话！鲍叔牙对管仲的包容，成就了“九合诸候，一匡天下“的壮举；李世民对魏征的包容，成就了“贞观之治”的盛世；而宋朝君主对士子学人的包容，则迎来了继战国之后中国历史上第二次思想解放、文化繁荣的高潮。包容的意义，绝不仅仅停留在个人层面，它对整个社会的存在和发展，同样有巨大的能动作用。

包容是一种修养，一种境界。佛经有言：“一念境转”。同是面对他人的过错是，耿耿于怀，睚眦必报带来的是心灵的负累，真正仁者觉者会选择一份包容，一份泰然。越王勾践“十年生聚，十年教训”，终于能够兴师复仇，一雪前耻。他可以忍受卧薪尝胆的苦楚，却在灭吴后下令诛尽吴国宗室。他懂得隐忍，却不懂得包容。齐王韩信未发迹时有过“胯下之辱”，但在统一之后，再见到当初侮辱自己的无赖儿郎，却能不记前嫌地任命他为巡城校尉。仅从这个角度来说，韩信的人格，要比勾践健全得多。

鲁迅先生的“一个都不宽恕”未免失之偏执，但那是在丧失了迂回的耐心后对黑暗现实的极端反抗。他还说过“渡尽劫波兄弟在，相逢一笑泯恩仇”，这就是他包容的一面。他笔下的阿Q，听到人家说“疤”、“瘌”、“秃”、“光”就要和人拼命，到了后来甚至连“灯”字也不许别人提了。“天地本宽，鄙者自隘“，一个心胸狭隘的人，必然是一个诸多忌讳、性情偏执的人；而一个连“清风不识字，何故乱翻书”都无法容忍的社会，也注定是一个病态的社会。然而，包容不等于放任和纵容。人类社会是由潜在的规则加以维系的，无节制的纵容同样会造成社会的畸形。包容也不等于隐忍不发。“忍”是心上刀，是刻意的制怒和压抑，迟早有爆发的一天。包容则意味着不自知的恬静和淡然。包容更不等于沉默和忘却，因为“忘记过去就意味着背叛”。真正的包容，应该如伏尔泰对其政敌所说：“虽然不赞同你说的每一个字，但我誓死捍卫你说话的权利。”

包容是海纳百川，包容是厚德载物，包容是淡泊明志，包容是宁静致远。康德告诉我们“只有两样事物能让我的内心深深震撼：一是我们头顶璀璨的星空，一是我们心中崇高的道德法则”，如是我闻；当今世界、种族、宗教冲突不断，“只要人人都多一份包容，世界将变成美好的人间”，如是我愿。

〖亮点透视〗“观山则情满于山，观海则意溢于海”，“包容”面前，指物作诗立就且能任意驱谴笔墨，任意挥洒自如者，才子也。名人名言、各国俗谚、历史故事、文学作品，信手拈来；包容的作用，包容的本质，包容背后人类理性精神的光辉，通过一个个典型事例精彩地展现在读者面前。最后的总结显示了文章深刻的思想内涵和高屋建瓴的大气。所以，考场作文要想方设法地展现自己的才华，但前提是腹有诗书气自华自信与信人

河南一考生

但丁告诉我们要自信;达·芬奇告诉我们也要信人；塞纳克告诉我们相信和怀疑一切人都是错误的。

我会说：我自信,但不自负,我信人但不盲目。

首先,我们要学会自信。自信是成功的前提,它能给我们无限的向前向上的勇气,让我们精神百倍信心十足地朝着目的地进发,最终到达胜利的彼岸。我们有了自信,有了“我能行”的信念,就有了挑战困难和挫折的决心,它会支持着我们走下去。如果没有自信,不相信自己可以做到,那就永远都实现不了自己的价值,发挥不了自己无尽的潜能。数学奇才高斯,偶然遇到一道几个世纪都未被解决的数学难题,他认为这是导师考验他的能力的,他能做出来,相信自己的所学可以解开这个“谜”,于是苦心钻研,只用了一个晚上就研究出了这道题目。试想,如果他没有自信,刚开始不会的时候就放弃了,能成功吗?

自信,是头顶的一盏明灯,它会为你照亮前方的路。

但是,自信却不能自负。自负就是骄傲,就意味着停滞不前。伟大的毛主席曾经告诫我们：虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。骄傲下的蛋,孵出的却是个失败。

所以,我们要认清自信与自负,在奋斗的路上减少遗憾。

其次,我们要信人。信人,即相信别人。在我们的人生道路上，危险和挫折时常出现,或是藏匿起来,等着给我们致命一击。由于我们自身的经验有限或是认识不足甚至错误,就要求我们要相信别人,但不要盲目。

姑父是个好吃懒做游手好闲的人,整天在外瞎混混。有一次告诉爸爸说有一种花粉,特畅销,怂恿说如果买些回来,肯定能挣很多钱。爸爸信以为真,认为是亲戚,总不至于坑他吧。在外面“考察”了一段时间后,爸爸买回很多的那种包装精美的那种花粉,结果卖不出去,弄的血本无归。爸爸时常感叹,信人,但不要让感情蒙蔽了双眼,不要盲目。

相信可以信赖的人,在那里寻求帮助、慰藉,因为我们是社会的一分子,单枪匹马干不成大事,我们要相互信任,共同奋斗。

自信,我们有力量和勇气;信人,我们有帮助和支持,我们的“事业”有什么理由不辉煌呢?

【亮点透视】文章开头叙述了三位名人的名言,自然引出作者自己的观点,然后逐步做了细致的分析,“首先”、“其次”顺序井然。没有过多的修饰,却充满真情实感,没有繁多的例证,却真实可信,特别是姑父怂恿爸爸买花粉一事,更显出真实性。文末水到渠成,较好地点明了中心。

至 圣

福建一考生

文庙，是古时的学府。文庙大成殿，是文庙精神的中心。中华各地的文庙大成殿中，当面傲立的，便是中华儒学之始者——孔子。

可以说，任何一个中国人都知道孔子，绝大多数中国人，都崇敬孔子。孔子生前并非皇族，但在其以后的时光封号却一再提高，从“大成至圣先师”，直至“大成至圣文宣王”，孔门盛极一时，孔子万古流芳。

儒士注重个人的修养，孔子作为儒士之首，自然是修养极高的人。孔子一生行迹依《礼》，非礼勿行。颜回去世，孔子赞曰：“贤哉，回也。”内心极推崇他，但依礼反对厚葬。他对诸侯公卿公然欣赏天子乐舞而感到愤怒，他对列国不纳其言感到委屈，但又绝对平静。身处乱世，一老者默对现实，独善其身。既有伯夷叔齐般高义，又有微子、箕子、比干之胆识。“见贤思齐”是他的理论，论语中他直抒胸臆：“殷有三贤人”。

儒家求出仕，孔子自然亦是。在做鲁相的日子中，其能大展其才，但因国君不明，只得周游列国。或而谓之游，可此绝非游说之路———诸侯无一纳其言。但其在天下纷争中，为天下奔走，为他人奔走。在所有人都觉得“礼”已不会富国强兵之时，其却矢志不渝：东方诸国遍布了他的足迹，中华大地散满了他的喟叹。圣人居于天地间，绝非呼天抢地地狂号，只是留下一片静默，一片永恒。“道不行，乘桴浮于海”，静默中蕴含了无穷的力量。

孔子的思想之所以能传至今日，是因其在教育上的贡献。孔子七十二门生为贤人，另有三个人感其教化。孔子身体力行的教学，是无愧于先师的称号的。他的学生有的富甲天下，有的潜心学问，有的能通灵于天地，有的傲立于庙堂。孔子注重文化的传承，其修《春秋》、《诗》虽是为儒家而修，对《诗》的内容也有一定的曲解，但无疑将中华的文化传了下来。否则哪有“关关雎鸠”的千古绝唱？孔子是个文化人。他回望是历史，低首是现今，远望是将来。汉代的独尊儒术使其学术的传承初见成效；传至宋代，程朱理学的高峰，也是孔子精神的续扬。一门能傲立千年的学术以其时间之长，内容之丰富，以及能代代相传不断创新，证明了它在华夏的生命力，无人可挡的生命力！子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。”他的精神，他的学说也随川前行，奔流不止。

孔子为圣，圣者之圣。纷争之春，多事之秋，乱世间，圣人傲立。其对自身的感怀，对社会的关注，对教育的投入，对文化的贡献：仅有一项便可傲立于天地，何况全材乎！

步入文庙，孔子静默。一身宽服的他目视远方，目视将来。“圣人不拘于时”，他自能望见的将来，不知儒士能否长存，但儒学必定仍扎根每个国人心中。

个体之圣人，社会之圣人，教育之圣人，文化之圣人。

至圣。

【亮点透视】“个体之圣人，社会之圣人，教育之圣人，文化之圣人。至圣。”我们不得叹服小作者对中华儒学之始者——孔子作的准确评论。文章对孔子的一生作了精彩的回顾：儒士注重个人的修养，孔子作为儒士之首，自然是修养极高的人。儒家求出仕，孔子自然亦是。孔子的思想之所以能传至今日，是因其在教育上的贡献。孔子为圣，圣者之圣。行文自然流畅，处处流淌着文化气息，试想如果平时作者不饱读文章,不对孔子生平事迹了如指掌,能写出这么精美的文字吗?

包 容（二）

北京一考生

你说太阳被阴云遮住并任其阻拦自己的光热是一种懦弱，不，我说那是一种包容，是博大的包容，是只有太阳才能具备的包容……

小的时候，包容是接受幼儿园老师发给的最后一个又酸又小的苹果，是坐在最后一个位子甘愿拿到一张撕破了的试卷。承受物质上的短小与破损，也许是顺其自然，这次受屈下次可能得福；也许是本能的反应，也无所谓，命里有时终会有。

长大了一些，包容是代自己心仪的女生受过，是忍受老师莫须有的“罪名”与错误的批评，是容忍事理的阴差阳错。因为男孩子就应该血气方刚，胸怀大志，青年人就应该大行不顾细谨，大礼不辞小让，就应该兼济天下。这似乎是生命中必须经历的风雨与坎坷，是成长所必须付出的代价。

人到中年，包容是不计命运的错判，是对伤害自己的人和敌人说一声“谢谢”，是忘记别人对自己情感犯下的罪行，扪心自问。也许朋友反目是一种无奈之举，是生计所迫；心爱的人的背叛也是被迫，应该让他找寻自己的天堂；下级和同级的造谣中伤可能是一时冲动，并非有意而为……不该那么苛刻地要求别人，也许自己也正伤害着别人而没有觉察，也许自己也在期待着别人的包容与谅解。天空本就蔚蓝，阴云终要散去，海纳百川才是水的本性，死潭里只有记恨、仇视、自私与利欲熏心……

老了以后，包容是“不在乎”儿女在外面闯荡而忘却了自己；是理解周围的种种纷争，心绪平衡；是容纳一切兵荒马乱、一切流言蜚语与一切是是非非。这不是看破红尘自甘堕落，而是一种气度，一种气质，一种气节。曾经沧海，曾经辉煌，财富也好，名誉也好，误解也罢，毁谤也罢，都有心胸承载。尽管世事沉重，但有岁月的磨砺，什么都是容得下的。

其实天很蓝，阴云终要散；其实海不远，此岸连彼岸；其实草很绿，万物皆自然。其实 ，你不必担心太阳的光亮被遮住，你也不必担心人间有太多不平，包容那些阴郁，心中便有阳光，我们终将收获全部的美丽……

【亮点透视】

尽尝人生百味，需要包容的气度与勇气。用一生不时为包容注入新的内涵，你会发现，“心”也在包容中成长。本文具有独特的视角——主体部分选取了人生中最有代表意义的三个时期：少年、中年、老年，抒写出不同时期的包容之心，逐层深入，一气呵成。初见此文，不禁为少年学子的成熟老道拍手叫绝，真是一篇考场佳作。（点评教师：北京八中 葛小峰） 稳中求胜

江苏一考生

梁山智有吴用，道有公孙，武更是好汉如云。英雄如雨，却以宋江为首。蜀国谋赖孔明，勇让关张，却以刘备为王，东木西金，南水北火，却以戍土居中。何也？

宋公明为人沉稳，刘备做事敦厚，戍土谦稳厚实，终脱颖而出，施展风采，各得其所，

好段赏析十篇篇八
《十篇好作文题材》

水韵悠悠

流水清清，荡漾起声与色的韵律，飘逸出生命的华彩与灿烂。

流水柔柔，点染开情感的温和，播洒下爱的春露。

流水蓬蓬，激扬了力与美的交响，迸发出灵魂的坚韧。

啊！那一股清澈明亮的水从花木掩映的古井中涌出，绽放了生命的幻梦与激情，悠悠地随着红花绿树的倒影而下，带一身花香，集一身雨露，婉转的，缓缓地。潺潺流水轻旋的柔波是母亲的笑颜，甜蜜地浸满爱的芳泽，不由得忆起儿时那声声轻轻的呼唤，那个个甜美的亲吻。噢，爱的柔波在轻扬！悠悠流水轻溅的晶莹是孩子笑出的泪，充满欢乐的和弦，少不了回首童年那缕缕无忌的阳光，那丝丝棒棒糖的香甜。噢，情感的涟漪在回旋。

流水，这柔情之水。

瞧！那一江浑浊的水从天边奔涌而来，散发着坚强与野性的气味，滔滔地撞击着高高的堤坝，带一身豪气，集一腹倔强，汹涌地，澎湃地。勃勃的流水激昂的士气是勇士的勇气，雄浑地撼动天地，叫人思念屈原江畔对那风雪电的呼喊，李白“长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海”的凌云壮志，鲁迅那“勇于直面惨淡人生”的狂傲。啊，豪情的旋律在昂扬！汹汹流水迸溅的水浪是斗士的坚韧，深深地震撼人心，使人感悟海明威笔下桑地亚歌的顽强与不屈；北大登山队连死也不惜向巅峰发起冲击的勇敢与决心；三毛放弃都市，向往大漠的坚定。噢！坚韧的大浪在翻滚！

流水，这阳刚之水。

流水啊流水，不失细腻与温存，又极富壮阔与雄浑。奔腾吧，流水！长存天地间。升华吧，感悟！伴着这悠悠水韵闪耀史册！

噢，水韵悠悠！

那一次，我读懂了坦然积淀

题记：只有经过地狱般的磨炼，才能炼出创造天堂的力量。只有流过血的手指，才能弹奏出世间的绝唱。

——泰戈尔

自从上了初三，很少有时间投身于我所热衷的“悦读”上。总是无法摆脱“题海”，每天6时起床22时睡觉，见同学狂侃学习，稍有偏题便是不正经。尽管如此，成绩却每每不见上涨，更是在多次大考中失利。我累极了也难过极了，开始抱怨人生的不公：“为什么耕耘没有收获？为什么努力不见成果？为什么为什么为什么„„

思想一旦走进了误区，难见好转，我在那段时间里就这么怨着、叹着，天天愁眉苦脸。终于有一天，父母再也忍受不住了——他们可爱的女儿为何变得如此？失落、抱怨、叹气不止。

然后，厄运便到了我的面前——一叠文学名着。望着久久未翻的小说、诗词，我想：好吧，读读也罢，反正学不下去了。

于是我翻开了，我看见了把酒临风的苏轼迎面走来。

谪居黄城中，把酒临风，牵黄擎苍叹英雄。昔日汴河见风光处，覆履难重。成败任西东，此恨无穷。一蓑烟雨平生任，踏雪飞鸿。

苏轼同我一样满腔豪情，然而爱情曲折、仕途艰辛的他始终坚守着自己的信念。他坦然面对一切得失，被贬杭州，他却自得——青青竹杖，绿绿芒鞋，眼中只有秋水泛清波，难道你不怨吗？难道你甘于被贬吗？难道你不想成就大业吗？

“不，我学会了坦然，不以物喜，不以己悲便是。”他笑答。

我若有所思——也许面对这些失败的我也该收获一份坦然？还未想完，就看见黄沙漫天中那位骑驴的歌者向我招手，一看，原是李白。

李白同我一样对于前程充满希冀，然而官道不如意，人们希望他歌颂当政，赞美君王，他却不，他也要一咏“安能摧眉折腰事权贵”的豪迈！坦然地接受一切得失，行至蜀路，一路高歌“天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来！”身着碧青纱，头顶飘飘发，眼中一片豁达。难道你不怨吗？难道你不想成就大业吗？

“不，我学会了坦然，酒入豪胸，七分酿成了月亮，三分啸成了剑气，回望盛唐，我立于其中！”

我终于懂得了，原来他们也是同样的豪迈激情，只是，他们勇于面对眼前的失败、中伤„„那么我呢？

别再怨天尤人了！我对自己说，我才十七岁！我也会坦然面对眼前的挫折，我要像他们一

样收获坦然的美丽！

2008汕头市中考优秀作文：爱的脚步

春的脚步是又轻又柔的，你听！“沙沙沙”，春踏过了树叶；夏的脚步是又急又快的，你听，“哗哗哗”，夏抚摸了流水；秋的脚步是又重又实的，你听“咚咚咚”，秋摘下了果实；冬的脚步呢？冬的脚步像是水波扩散，无声无息。而妈妈的脚步，似春，似夏，似秋，又似冬。

静夜，当我困倦卧床时，我听到一阵“沙沙沙”的脚步声，我知道，妈妈来给我盖被子了，她的脚步又轻又柔，深怕踩到地上的蚂蚁似的，我享受那种心情，因为那是妈妈的爱，那是爱化成的脚步声，伴我酣然入睡。

放学，当我焦急地在校门口徘徊时，“哗哗哗”，一阵急促的脚步声传入耳朵，是妈妈，我笃定，因为这是妈妈来接我放学的脚步声，又急又快，每当这时，我便飞快地扑进母亲怀中，听着她的喘息声，我可以感受到那深深的爱，伴我平安回家。

犯错，当我不安与害怕时，我会听到妈妈“咚咚咚”地走过来，我心里的节奏像抢拍似地狂跳，然而，妈妈的话却始终鼓励着我，她总是原谅我的幼稚与无知，她总是告诉我应走正确的路，让我收获多多，而妈妈那又重又实的脚步，伴我健康成长。

考试，是让我又焦急又不安的字眼，像是中了邪一样，每当一大考，我的心情，便变得不安与暴躁，然而我真感谢上苍，给了我一个好妈妈，她懂我，她也知道如何安抚我，每当走过我身后，她都是静悄悄地，无声无息地，不让我有所察觉，这是妈妈用她的爱在保护着我，伴我走过荆棘之路。

今天，我走上了考场，出乎意料地，我的心出奇地平静，我与妈妈肩并肩地走着，听着她的脚步声，我对她说：“妈，你真的好厉害。”妈妈一脸茫然，但我不明说，因为这份爱，其实我们都懂！

春去秋来，冬夏换季，我时时刻刻都听到妈妈用脚步编成一首首动听的乐曲，伴我成长，为我解忧，这是爱的脚步，这脚步，深深地印在我心里。

2008年杭州中考满分作文：生命的日历

一张一张撕下来，一张一张寄托了你的希望。——题记

我不知道已经有多久没有去看她了。只是童年还有那模糊的痕迹，她的脸上有着看起来亮闪闪的银丝，有着岁月沉淀下来的痕迹。

“叮铃铃”，早晨的一声电话铃将我从睡梦中吵醒，挂上电话的刹那，我愣住了。感觉世界就在瞬间将我淹没——奶奶出车祸了。当我火速赶去医院时，她已经躺在了重症监护中心。泪水一刹那涌出。我带着爷爷的叮嘱，回老家拿换洗的衣服。

还是那幢老屋，载满了我童年的味道和记忆。踌躇着走上了阁楼。走进卧室，记忆里的味道一涌而出，是她的味道。一瞥眼，我看见书桌上有好几本大大的日历，被凌乱的撕成一张一张。走过去一瞧，日历的正面普普通通，有着普普通通的日期，而反面的字把我愣住了：“2003年2月，囡囡今天和父母回家。”“2003年5月，囡囡今天打电话来让我多穿点衣服。”“2004年7月，囡囡今天升学考。”“2005年2月，我今天看囡囡的照片了。”“2005年3月，囡囡已经三个月没回来了。”“2006年2月，囡囡已经很久没打电话给我了。”我发了疯似地翻动着所有撕下来的日历。上面是详细的日子和我与她之间发生的事，时间到时、分。我有些不敢相信，却又心痛地想起，在昏黄的灯光前，她是怎样带着老花镜在桌前写下这一点一滴的。自己多久没回来了，自己多久没打电话了，是学业的繁忙，还是成长的疏远与冷漠？而她，又怎样把希望寄托在这一张张日历上，期待着我重新做回小时候那个撒着娇的囡囡？

我收拾好这一张张的日历，这一张张载满了她希望的日历回到了医院。望着病床前那个头包白纱仍在昏睡的她，眼泪又一次决堤而出。我紧紧握住她的手，默默恳求老天不要将她从我身边带走。

床上的那张脸仍是小时候疼着我、爱着我的脸，亮闪闪的银丝，眉眼间的沉静。我悄悄将那张饱含我心愿的最后一张日历纸，塞进了她的手里，喃喃道：“奶奶，你快醒醒，囡囡来看你了，囡囡不会再让你数日历了，快醒醒„„

心灵的距离

杭州考生

吃过早饭后，儿子接到一个电话后便一声不响地出去了。

“这孩子是怎么了？”母亲望着儿子的背景，疑惑地想。这些日子她觉得儿子怪怪的，常接到一些莫明其妙的电话，然后就往外跑，“莫非是发生„„”母亲的心头掠过一片不安的阴云。

禁不住疑惑的驱使，母亲轻轻地进了儿子的房间——自从儿子长大后她就很少进来了。房间里没有多余的摆设，只有一张床、一个书架、一张桌子和一个椅子。母亲轻轻地走到桌前，打开没有上锁的抽屉。抽屉里摆着一本精致的日记本、一叠信和几张照片。母亲先拿起照片和信，几乎每张照片上都有一个可爱的女孩，信则是从全国各地寄来的，多是笔友的信。母亲叹了口气，放好了信和照片，又将手伸向了日记本。在手指与封面接触的一瞬间，母亲像被烫着似地缩了缩手。她本不该看儿子的日记，可是当想起与自己交流越来越少的儿子，她咬了咬牙，打开了日记本。

日记只记了几页，多是学校里发生的事。母亲匆匆忙忙地看了几页后，便慌忙放好日记本，逃也似地出了房间。傍晚，儿子回来了，进房后不久便急步冲出来，盯着母亲，眼睛几乎要冒出火来了。母亲低着头，转身做着其他事，竭力躲避着那两道目光。儿子转身进了房间，“砰”地一声重重地关上了房门，母亲被震得一惊。

那天，儿子没有出来吃饭。

过了几天，儿子又出来了。他刚出门，母亲便悄悄地走进儿子的房间，远远地便看到抽屉上新装了一把锁。她顿时冷冷地呆立在那里。刹那间，母亲觉得一股强烈的电流通过全身，将她的心击穿。她苦涩地感到锁锁住的不是抽屉，而是一扇门——门里是儿子，门外是自己。母亲心头生出一丝莫名的惆怅，想退出去，但当她想到了电话、照片„„他毕竟是孩子啊！于是她伸手试着拉开抽屉。突然她听到冷冷地一声“哼！”她惊得跳了起来，回头一看，儿子斜靠在门上，不满地望着她。母亲只觉得背后凉飕飕的，脸上却有点发热。她慌乱地低下头，喃喃地说；“我想来„„我想来„„帮你收拾„„房间„„”儿子打断了她的话：“我只是回来拿一下东西。”说完便转身走了。母亲一下子瘫倒在椅子上。

又过了几天，母亲在确信儿子已经走后，再次走进儿子的房间。抽屉上的锁还在，但却没有锁上。母亲屏住呼吸，用略微颤抖的手打开了抽屉——里面什么都没有，一片空白，连一张小纸条也没留下。

母亲的心顿时如同抽屉一样变的空荡荡的。

好段赏析十篇篇九
《阅读十篇1》

(1)

With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject matter and widely varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, shoot of the traditional novel.

The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university dons, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle, or Australian bush, ancient China or gaslit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background. The elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modem intellectual critics and creators of significant novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from Real Life, nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human sleuth (侦探), who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.

Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who suffers from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain With the physique of wrestler. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our calm investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation (解释) of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously（间接地）.

57.The crime novel may be regarded as

[A] not a tree novel at all [B] an independent development of the novel

[C] related in some ways to the historical novel [D] a quite respectable form of the conventional novel

58.The passage suggests that intellectuals write detective stories because

[A] they enjoy writing these stories [ B ] the stories are often in fact very instructive

[C ] detective stories are an accepted branch of literature [ D ] the creation of these stories demands considerable intelligence

59.What feature of the detective story is said to disqualify it from respectful consideration by intellectual critics?

[A ] The fact that the guilty are always found out and the innocent cleared.

[B ] The lack of interest in genuine character revelations.

[C ] The existence of a neat closely-knit story.[ D ] The many seemingly impossible events.

60.One of the most incredible characteristics of the hero of a thriller is

[A]his exciting life[B] his amazing toughness

[C] the way he deals with enemies[D] his ability to escape from dangerous situations

61.In what way are the detective story and the thriller unlike?

[A] In introducing violence.[B]In providing excitement and suspense．

[C]In ensuring that everything comes right in the end．[D]In appealing to the intellectual curiosity of the reader

(2)

Every once in a while the reasons for discouragement about the human prospect pile up so high that it becomes difficult to see the way ahead.and it is then a．great blessing to have one conspicuous and undeniable good thing to think about ourselves,something solid enough to step onto and look beyond the pile．

language is often useful for this,and music．A particular painting,if you have the right receptors,can lift the spirits and hold them high enough to see a whole future for the race．The sound of laughter in the distance in the dark can be a marvelous encouragement．But these are uncertain stimuli,ready,to work only if you happen to be ready to receive them,which takes a bit of luck.

I have been reading magazine stories about the technology of lie detection lately,and it occurs to me that this may be the thing I've been looking for,an encouragement supported by genuine,hard scientific data．It is promising enough that I’ve decided to take as given what the articles say．uncritically,and to look no further．

As I understand it,a human being cannot tell a lie,even a small one．without setting off a kind of smoke alarm Somewhere deep in a dark recess of the brain,resulting in the sudden discharge 9f nerve impulses,or the sudden outpouring of neurohormones(神经激素)of some sort,or both．The outcome,recorded by the lie—detector device is similar to the responses to various kinds of stress．

Lying,then is stressful,even when we do it for protection,or relief,or escape,or profit,or just for the pure pleasure of lying and getting away with it．It is a strain．distressing enough to cause the emission of signals to and from the central nervous system warning that something has gone wron9．It is,in a pure physiological sense,an unnatural act．

Now I regard this as a piece of extraordinarily good news,meaning,that we are compelled to be a moral species at least in the limited sense that we are biologically designed to be truthful to each other．

It seems a petty thing to have this information,but perhaps it tells us to look again,and look deeper．We are indeed a social species,more dependent on each other than the celebrated social insects,we can no more live a solitary life than can a bee,we ale obliged,as a species.to rely on each other—Trust is a fundamental requirement for our kind of existence,and without it all our linkages would begin to snap loose．It is enough,quite enough,to know that we cannot even tell a plain untruth,and betray a trust,without scaring some part of our own brains．

62．In the first paragraph．the author implies that

[A]we are convinced that men are born evil [B] human beings are surrounded by piles of rubbish

[C]there are a lot of obstacles on the way ahead of human beings

[D]man’s future is seen to be encouraging from his good nature

63．According to the second paragraph,which of the following statements is true?

[A] Language is as useful as music． [B]Painting is the best of all in lifting one’s spirits．

[C]To see human’s bright side is a game of chance, [D]Not everyone is given the chance of a good future．

64.Which of the following is true ac6ording to the passage?

[A] Physiological changes will for sure betray a liar. [ B] The bigger a lie is, the stronger the strain will be.

[C ] The degree of the strain depends on the purpose of lying.

[D] A well-trained person can tell lies without being detected.

65.The information given by the lie detector, according to the author, is

[A] trivial[ B ] essential [ C ] surprising [ D] unreliable

66.The message the author transmits to us by the lie detector is that

[A] it is vital for us to be truthful to each other [B ] lying will be checked by more advanced lie detectors

[C] a lie detector can make a good record of nerve impulses

[D] a liar benefits himself from lying, but only at the cost of others

(3)

President Bush touched off a firestorm of criticism from congressional Democrats, civil fights groups and newspaper editorialists Wednesday when he decided to intervene in a Supreme Court case challenging racial preferences in the University of Michigan admissions policy. The howls of protest were quick and loud. Judging from the noise, one might conclude that this president is in big political trouble as he looks to reelection in 2004. After all, with public uncertainty about the economy, the possibility of war with Iraq, increased tensions with North Korea dominating the headlines, and Democrats hurling brickbats at Bush for everything from his economic stimulus plan that they say favors the rich to what they see as his abandonment of minorities by opposing the Michigan case, he would appear to be poised (使平衡) on the brink of political disaster. But is he? Not yet. His standing with the public is stronger than outward poll numbers suggest. Much was made this past week of a USA TODAY CNN Gallup Poll that showed Bush's job approval rating dipping below 60% for the first time since Sept. 11, to 58%. That caused many to comment that he might be following down a path his father previously trod. The elder Bush achieved success in the Persian Gulf War but saw his job ratings erode steadily, largely because of what many read as an inadequate response to a slumping economy. He was denied a second term.But for the younger Bush to be in danger of a repeat, he would have to do something that breaks the bond he has formed with the American public on a personal level since Sept. 11 that transcends

his positions on various issues.

The same USA TODAY poll that showed Bush's overall job-approval slipping, but still good,also found that his so-called political "vital signs" are remarkably strong. They suggest that regardless of whether people agree or disagree with Bush's handling of specific problems or issues,he retains a high degree of respect, trust and support for pushing boldly ahead as he sees fit. Most who said the qualities do not apply are Democrats, Who more than likely are not going to vote for Bush anyway. It is the swing voters that Bush must hold, and the poll shows that most independents rank Bush positively on these measures, He also "gets some pretty strong ratings from women, who traditionally lean toward Democratic presidential candidates.

So when Bush makes a bold decision to fight terrorism, oppose the Michigan admissions policy or

force Saddam Hussein to disarm, many may disagree. But they rate him high for leading, which, after all, is what we elect our presidents to do. And most see him as honest, willing to get along with his political opponents and an effective government manager. Analysts say those vital signs will see Bush through the rough times.

52.It can be inferred from the passage that the University of Michigan

[A ] carries out a preferential policy for recruiting minority students

[B] comes into open conflicts with Bush's economic stimulus plan

[C] puts Bush in trouble by abandoning minority students in its admission

[D] is strongly opposed to Bush's foreign policies

53.According to the passage, the poll numbers indicate that

[A] Bush's standing with the public is very strong [ B] Bush's economic package wins widespread support

[C] public support for Bush is declining [ D] Bush is on the brink of political disaster

54.The elder Bush lost a second term mainly because

[A ] he lost the Persian Gulf War [B ] he failed to develop an intimate relationship with the public

[C ] he proved himself inadequate as a political leader [ D ] he did not take effective measures to recover the economy

55.The expression "vital signs" (Line 2, Para. 3 ) mainly refers to

[A] signs that signalize public satisfaction with Bush's work [ B ] qualities that meet the leadership of the country

[C] poll numbers that show Bush's job-approval ratings [ D] issues that Bush has to handle before a reelection

56.The main idea of the passage is that

[A] approval polls don't tell the whole Bush story [ B ] young Bush is in danger of repeating the elder Bush's mistakes

[C ] fighting another war does not help the slumping economy[ DJ public support for Bush's work takes another dip

(4)

In recent years, we have all watched the increasing commercialization of the campus. The numerous advertising posters and the golden arches of fast food outlets may be an insult to our aesthetic sensibilities, but they are, arguably, no worse than ugly. Some of the other new features of commercialized campus life do, however, constitute a serious threat to things we rightly respect. "Privatization" and the "business model" are the potential menace.

What do these notions mean? To me, they involve an increased dependence on industry and charitable actions for operating the university; an increased amount of our resources being directed to applied or so-called practical Subjects, both in teaching and in research; a proprietary (所有权的，所有人的) treatment of research results, with the commercial interest in secrecy overriding the public's interest in free, shared knowledge; and an attempt to run the university more like a business that treats industry and students as clients and ourselves as service providers with something to sell. We pay increasing attention to the immediate needs and demands of our "customers" and, as the old saying goes, "the customer is always right".

Privatization is particularly frightening from the point of view of public well-being. A researcher employed by a university-affiliated hospital in Canada, working under contract with

a medicine-making company, made public her findings that a particular drug was harmful. This violated the terms of her contract, and so she was fired. Her dismissal caused a scandal, and she was subsequently restored to her previous position. The university and hospital in question are now working out something similar to tenure (终身任职) for hospital-based researchers and guidelines for contracts, so that more public exposure of privately funded research will become possible. This is a rare victory and a small step in the right direction, but the general trend is the other way. Thanks to profit-driven private funding, researchers are not only forced to keep valuable information secret, they are often contractually obliged to keep discovered dangers to public health under wraps, too. Of course, we must not be too naive about this. Governments can unwisely insist on secrecy, too, as did the British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food in the work they funded in connection with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (牛脑海绵体病) epidemic.This prevented others from reviewing the relevant, data and pointing out that problems were more serous than government was letting on.

57.From the first paragraph we can learn that the campus life has become

[A ] more convenient [ B ] rather ugly[ C ] somewhat harmful [ D ] no more aesthetic than before

58. "Privatization" and the "business model" in this passage most probably mean

[A ] potential menace to life [ B ] new features of campus life

[C ] new trend on campus [ D] dependence on industry and charities

59.The author believes that we should pay

[A] little attention to applied subjects

[B ] due attention to the public interest in free, shared knowledge

[C ] more attention to the immediate needs and demands of our customers

[D ] considerable attention to the commercial interest in the secrecy of research results

60.The researcher mentioned in the third .paragraph was fired because

[A] she worked for the rival of the company

[B ] she failed to keep her research results secret

[C ] she was obliged to keep her discoveries secret

[D ] she was committed to a contract with a company

61.It is implied in the passage that

[A ] the general public is too naive to accept the "privatization"

[B ] the notion that "the customer is always right" is out of date

[C ] it is a general trend that there will be more public disclosure of privately funded research

[D] the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic in Britain was more serious than what was disclosed

(5)

In today's world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, society has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards. Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances, losses in a small firm can mean the difference between growth and failure, vitality and stagnation (停滞).Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial resources available to larger enterprises. Frequently, they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.

好段赏析十篇篇十
《摘抄》

走过媚丽的秋季，跃入灰色的严冬，寂寒的夜色，笼罩着刺骨的寒风，吹醒了独醉的梦中人，也吹碎了那一帘凄婉的幽梦… 相遇，或许是命运中抒写的悲剧；错过，或许是上苍给予我们的恩赐。痴痴凝望于朦胧中消失的身影，痛已在心中开始肆意蔓延…

真的很难忘记一个人，也难以完全的忘记一个人，是因为你也根本无法忘记一个人。溪水、青山、海滩那些欢快的往事，已化作一缕轻烟消失在寂静的黑夜里；而不想看到的结局，却提早的悄然来临；望着远方那越来越模糊的倩影，似乎却一直都不曾离开。 谁让瞬间像永远，谁让未来似从前。梦语思魂百转千回，却始终不能让你转身。相遇，相知，却偏偏不能相守。都说缘来缘去缘如流水，梦里梦外如风吹，却为何又让我如此难以割舍？你的柔情，给了我快乐的心醉；你离去的背影，给了我痛苦的心碎；曾经的、曾经，不过是繁华浮影，不留痕迹。破碎之后，生命不过是一场幻觉而已，梦中繁华梦中去，不落人间一点尘。

虽然你已悄然远去，但我仍希望你过得更幸福、更快乐些。多少年之后，我们还可以是朋友，还可以问候，只是那种温柔，再也找不到相拥的理由，情人最后难免沦为朋友，和你，也许是一条永远无法相交的平行线。迷失于风中的尘埃，却挡住了彼此的天

空；旋转的木马，已离开了轴心，不再挣扎，回到原点。你我迈向颠峰的脚步，已向左走，向右走。

在你的生命中，我不是你的归人，只是一个匆匆的过客而已。所以，今夜梦中，我与你星空下相约，我们相约着，把彼此在心底深深地珍藏，就如那秋日的草原，相约着一起枯萎黄去，最后将彼此搁浅。

在那个月黑风高的晚上，我们相互颤声道别，眼泪告诉你我的心有多痛，有多么的难以割舍。 相寻梦里路，飞雨落花中。徘徊梦边缘，心碎别离痛。

梦已醒，眼蒙蒙；一帘幽梦，皆成空……

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