【www.guakaob.com--英语作文】
英语作文，是指用英语针对某一内容写出一篇文章;是英语考试最常见的一种题目类型。中国招生考试网www.chinazhaokao.com 小编为大家整理的相关的写英语作文步骤供大家参考选择。在一些专家认为书写书面表达的技巧可以归纳为：第一、学生坚持做笔记，搜集、整理名言警句和优美的句子。坚持写日记，课文中的俗语和谚语的识记是通过背诵来完成。背诵是语言学习的重要手段，也是语言学习的必经之路。
背词句：利用有限的时间，背诵课文中的重点句型和短语尤其是课文中的俗语、谚语和经典句子。 背范文： 将教师收集的好范文和课文中好的段落以及报刊上的各种各样的体裁和优秀文章让学生背，范文的内容应能激发学生思考，培养学生兴趣。数量至少要达到50篇，这样通过不断输入吸收，在写作时就自然而然可以思如泉涌，下笔有神。
第二、激发学生英语学习的兴趣，培养学生对英语学习的情感
教师在教学中可以利用学生对不同语言内容的兴趣，进行语言形式的训练，并利用图片、音乐、多媒体手段，让学生保持长时间的注意力，可以采用小组活动，合作探究的形式，让学生扮演角色，全身心的参与活动，这样，学生的口语不仅得到了表达，而且发展了学生听、说、读、写语言技能。老师还可以给学生介绍外国的风土人情，文化习俗，让他们用学到的英语去读异国的文章，了解文化背景的习惯表达。美国著名教育家布鲁姆认为，情感在学习中起25%作用。所以，情感对英语的学习息息相关，我们英语老师在教学中应该用心去体会，用情动人，关注每一位学生的情感，挖掘每位学生的潜能。
第三、要加强词汇、语法、句型教学和操练。要打好写作的基础，词汇量是写作的基本材料之一，得心应手地谴词造句，对于表达文章的思想内容和风格特点具有重要的作用，词汇量不足与苍白贫乏，都会给写作带来困难。因此，在词汇教学时，教师不仅要教足词汇量，还要讲清楚每个词的每个意义和使用条件、用法和搭配关系，进行典型同义词、近义词的比较，点出构词法，让学生模仿造句，使学生真正掌握其用法及语义特点。对于词汇的运用，老师可以给出特定的语言环境，也可以让学生自主的表达，还必须运用模仿、仿写等方法。在教学实践中，还必须加强基础语法与句型的训练，同时，注重汉译英与造句训练。句子是作文的基本单位，一个句子表达一个完整的意思。成功的作文是正确的词汇、合乎语法规则的句子组成的。所以，加强词汇教学、注重语法和句型的训练，是提高写作水平的重要环节。
第四、创设语言环境，组织课内外活动。要以学生为中心，尽量多给学生提供机会和情景，让他们进行模仿、扮演角色、回答问题。在开展活动时，采用小组合作形式，开展“英语角”、进行英语作文竞赛、英语口语能力竞赛，通过联系实际，写心得体会，让学生全身心的投入，使他们热爱英语。听、说能力的提高，必然会促进写作水平的提高。
二、掌握技巧，对症下药
有了长期的积累和扎实的基本功，还应掌握一定的写作技巧，根据统计，近几年中考英语试卷中写作，以记述、议论、写信和看图话题作文为主。
记叙文要求考生根据题干要求，提供信息，组织材料，编写成文。一般来讲，记叙文要有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素.学生应写清楚who、what、where、when、why、how等要素，写作要条理清楚，意思连贯，语言正确。
议论文要求学生根据提示内容，通过摆事实，讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法，一般来说，议论文由论点、论据、论证组成。
英语应用文主要以写信为住，英文写信由六部分，他们由信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签字，格式一定要正确。不管写那一种文体，我认为要掌握以下几点：
首先，正确审题，确定中心思想。例如，2000年中考作文，根据所给情景，写一封回信。
Situation：Ai Hua’s aunt is now Australia，she went there ten years ago，in her letter she wants very much to know what Shang Hai is like
解析： 这是一封回信，审题是必须确定这样几点的落实，首先是正确的写信格式，包括称呼、落款等方面。.还有就是根据所给情景要求，把有关上海的变化介绍给对方。
其次，围绕中心，列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景、要点，同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、词汇、短语和句型。以“The
Teacher I Like Most”为例，提纲可以这样写：(1) Who is the teacher I like most? (2) My reasons. 3 What can I learn from the teacher?
第三、写好主题句，用好以知条件。英语文章中主题句很重要，在着手开写之前设计好段落的主题句，然后围绕着主题句展开2—3句的阐述。根据数字、写作要求，扩展成篇。
第四、 精彩的结束句。结束句是文章的主旨所在(信件除外)。结束句一般是自己的感受或者文章要表达的观点，信件中是美好的祝愿等等。例如：I enjoy the trip very much, / the succedepends on the details.(成功决定于细节)/I am looking forward to hearing from you soon./Have a good time等表达。
在写的过程中，以下几点可供参考：
1、确定文章的体裁、格式、人称、结构和基本时态。
2、学会使用连词，连词是让作文连贯的重要组成部分，句子与句子之间的逻辑关系就是靠连词体现出来的。作文是一个整体，决不是一个个孤立的句子，所以必须有连词，但一定根据语意正确使用。常见连接手段有：(1)表示时间/次序：first，then，next，finally，as soon as等。(2)并列/递进：and，as well as，not only …but also，neither…nor。(3)举例：for example，such as，for instance。(4)总结：in short，as a result，in a word。(5)因果：because，since，so that。(6)对比：on the one hand，on the other hand，but，at the same time。另外，有些连词不能一起使用。例如有because就不能有so，有though就不能有but等等。连词的应用会让作文提高一大块。
3在整篇文章中，避免使用简单句式，象主系表、主谓宾结构，要灵活运用各种句式，如主从复合句、倒装句、对比句、强调句、动词不定式和分词短语。
4、避免重复使用同一单词或词组，忌防出错。
5、使用不同长度的句子，通过分词和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。
三、坚持长期的实践写作。
写作能力必须通过长期的、大量的反复实践才能获得，如果时间不够，即使学生完全掌握了课堂上所学的语言知识，也懂得了一定写作技巧，一旦使用语言时，下笔力不从心。如果仅仅背了大量文章、佳句，不亲自动手写还是不行。“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”英语写作能力并非是一蹴而就，它必须由浅入深，由简到繁，由易到难，循序渐进，一环紧扣一环地进行训练。首先，教师要严格要求学生,严格要求学生正确工整地书写字母、单词和句子，同时注意大小写和标点符号。例如引路，学生在进行短文写作训练时,教师应提供各种文体的范文,讲明各种文体的写作要求和注意事项,如日记，便条，书信，通知的格式等,并给予必要的提示，并掌握各种体裁文章的格式。其次，要限时训练。训练写作时，教师当场发题,限时交卷。这样能促使学生瞬间接受信息, 快速理解信息,迅速表达信息,提高实际应用和应试力。这一步是关键,也是学生的的难关。第三，教师要创造性使用教材，精心设计和编排写作教学活动，教师要鼓励学生感悟生活，要求学生多看、多听、多想，用心体验和感悟身边的人和事，然后将自己的体验和感受用英语写出来。同时把优秀的文章在班级“英语角”报上发表。对于优秀的学生，在表扬的同时要给予指正：Wonderful! You haven’t made any mistakes, but you should pay attention on your handwriting.对于有待进步的学生需要给鼓励性的评语，激发他们的写作热情，增强他们的信心：If you try your best, you will be more successful.
总之，写作能力的培养和提高，要有扎实的基本功、一定的写作技巧、和大量的实践，是一个循序渐进、不断提高的过程。初中英语写作要本着以学生为主体,教师为主导，主体化教学理念为依据。建构初中英语写作课堂模式,其内在的精髓在于将学生学习实践活动贯穿整个教学过程。
书写格式
基本要求
英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如小写字母i ，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写，写快了，就会把点和下面的竖笔连在一起，显得十分别扭。字形t应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，难以辨认。另外，把r写成v，把q写成把g，把k写成h等等，都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也应该按照习惯，不能随意乱来。
在一篇字数有限的作文里，我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。万一要移行，则必须以音节为单位进行，如revolution这个词，依照音节移行的原则可以按re-，revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点:
1. 单音节词不能移行，即使是字母较多的单音节词，如through等也不能例外。
2.缩略词如Mr.、Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。 缩略的专用名词如U.K.(the UnitedKingdom)、U.S.A(United States of America)等也不能拆开移行。
3.时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体;不能分开移行。
如: 11:00 P.M. 应写在一行内，不能将11:00和PM.分开移行;写38℃时，不能将38和℃分开移行。
4.由"年、月、日"表示的日期。如果必须分开移行只能将"月、日"与"年"分开。如January 6，1980不能将January和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。
5.含双写辅音字母的单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如better可拆成bet-ter，necessary可拆成 neces-sary。
但如果双写辅音字母属于词根，后面又加了后缀，就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill加上-ing后构成了drilling，就不可以将它拆成dril-ling，而只能拆为drilling。
书信题型写作是应用文写作中常见的功能性写作形式，书信写作的准备一是宏观，就是要掌握它的格式，基本框架，就是先写什么，后写什么;二是微观，具体到语言如何使用。
书信格式
一、书信写作考察的结构
①日期，写信人应将写信日期(年，月，日)放在书信正文的右上角，如Jan. 30th, 2010。
提醒:考研书信写作没有要求考生必须写时间，如果没有把握自己的时间书写格式是正确的，建议考生不要写，以免出错反而扣分。
②称呼，称呼是写信人对收信人的称谓，称呼可以根据收信人的性别，职务，婚姻状况，姓名等个人信息来写，如:Mr. Williams,Mrs. Bush, Professor Li, Dr. Smith, Dear Mum and Dad
如果写信人不清楚收信人的具体姓名，职务等情况，可以写:Dear Sir orMadam, To whom it may concern。
③正文，正文是书信的主要部分，在称呼下方隔一或两行处开始。考生写正文时，要分层次进行。书信正文通常由引言，展开段和结尾三个层次组成。
·引言，引言表明写信人的写信目的和写信背景，一般仅限于一段，一两句话即可。
提醒:此处考生容易犯一个错误:照抄题目的表达，甚至原句，这是一个严重的错误，在阅卷过程至少会扣到2分，希望广大考生要注意。
·展开段，展开段内容应详实，具体。可以分为若干段来写，每一段围绕一个主题展开。
提醒:提醒广大考生，题干中的要点必须全部包含，考生若是在漏掉一个要点(一般小作文有3个要点)会至少扣掉3分。
·结尾，结尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一两句话表达一下希望或祝愿。
④结束语，结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二至三行处。公务等较正式的信件多采用Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Yours truly 等;私人信件，多采用Yours, Withlove, Yours affectionately 等。
⑤签名，签名应写在结束语的下面。
二、主体段语言的操作
书信按照指令边想边写。主体第一段一句话，开门见山，提出写信的目的，表明信的性质:是投诉信还是申请信还是请求信?我为什么要写这封信?常用句式包括:
I am writing to complain about…
I am writing to thank… for… /express mygratitude for …
I am writing to ask for…
I am writing to apply for…
正文第二段，100个字左右，8、9句话。
此段写作的中心任务是把题目中的提纲进行扩展。如果有3条提纲，可以每一条提纲扩充3句。怎么样扩充，主要是发挥点小小的想象力，有两种思路，一是将上义拆分成为若干下义，二是把一件事情说得更为形象具体。比如第一条指令，题目里面说是books，可以细化为各种各样的书，这就是下义拆分法。还可以具体描写一下这些书是什么样子的。同样第二个指令里面的methods ofpayment,和第三个指令里面的time and way of delivery都可以采用这两种方法进行扩展。
结尾，一般为礼貌性的套话，一般都是焦急等待着您的回信I am lookingforward to your reply足以，或者I would appreciate it if you could senda replay at your earliest convenience也行。
书信句型
常用起首语
1) Looking forward to your early reply
2) Hoping to hear from you soon
3) I hope to hear from you very soon。
4) We look forward to your reply at yourearliest convenience。
5) Your early reply will be highlyappreciated。
6) I hope everything will be well withyou。
7) Please let us know if you want moreinformation。
8) I wish you very success in the comingyear。
9) Please remember me to your family。
10) With best regards to your family。
11) All the best。
12) With love and good wishes。
求职申请信常用句型
1. In reply to your advertisement in ~,Irespectfully offer my services for the situation。
2. With reference to your advertisementin ~ for a / an ~,I offer myself for the post。
3. Please consider me an applicant forthe position which you advertised in ~。
4. Having noticed the enclosedadvertisement in ~,I wish to apply for the position referred to。
5. In answer to your advertisement in ~for a ~,I wish to tender my services。
6. Your advertisement for a ~ in ~ hasinterested me. I feel I can fill that position。
7. Shall you need an experienced ~ foryour ~ next SUMMER?
8. I have been for over five years inthe employment of a / an ~ company
9. I have been in the business for thelast ~ years, and worked as the director of the…department。
10. I've had ~ years' experience with acompany as a ~。
11. For the last ~ years, I have beenand still am a / an ~。
12. I'm ~ years of age, female / male,and have had ~ years' experience in a limited company's ~ office
13. I should be very glad to have apersonal interview and can furnish references if desired。
14. If you desire an interview, I shallbe most happy to call in person, on any day and at any time you may appoint。
15. Should you think favorably of myapplication, kindly grant me an interview。
16. I trust that you'll give thisapplication your favorable consideration。
17. Should you give me a trial, I'll domy utmost to afford you every satisfaction。
申诉信常用句型
1. I am sorry to say that we are greatlyinconvenienced by the fact that ~。
2. I am writing this letter to complainabout ~。
3. I really must complain about thequality of the ~ I recently got from your company。
4. You seem to have supplied us with aproduct that falls far below the standard we expect。
5. The ~ I ordered from your storearrived broken. Obviously, no packing had been placed in the box before it wassent from the warehouse。
6. It is now over ~ since we made theabove order with you, but the ~ we need badly now haven't arrived yet。
7. The product I purchased from you ~proved to be quite a disappointment. Although it looks exactly the same as theone I saw in your commercial, it actually does not perform the same way。
8. As I have no interest in receiving areplacement, I am returning the product to you and demand that a full refund bemade to me。
9. I'd appreciate it very much if yourefund the money I have paid for it。
10. We would appreciate it if you wouldarrange for the replacement of the damaged items。
感谢信常用句式参考:
1. Let me tell you how much I liked /appreciated / enjoyed…
2. I want you to know how much we / Iappreciate…
3. We appreciate your taking time to …
4. I don't know how I would have managedwithout your help
5. I hope I can return the favor someday
6. Do let me know if I can ever returnthe favor
语法要点
基英语学习的长期目标--交流所必需的能力之一。毋庸置疑，英语写作是集基础知识，基本能力和课外信息于一身的综合体现，同时，又要兼顾到写作者高超的写作技巧。因而，没有扎实的英语语法知识;
1)、taff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours -- it must have been close to noon -- the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were ex
本段从"rose"(起床)写起，然后是吃早餐("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine o'clock")，然后是"close to noon"，一直写到这一天结束("By nine--")。
B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如:
From the distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处("from a distance")写起，然后"get closer"，再到("ten feet away")，最后是"inside the pagoda"……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a. 按重要性顺序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从"not need much skill"或"of little importance"到"more important"，最后是"most important"。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A -- the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 "perhaps"加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题:为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2)形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语:
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies -- in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases)，另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有:first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是:he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流(smoothness)有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 en211ago. Written language is arecent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的"it"之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
有损连贯
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误:
改变时态
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
变单复数
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
改变人称
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
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