大葱移栽机工作视频

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篇一 大葱移栽机工作视频
[我爱发明]大葱培土种植机 大葱保姆(发明人刘德波)

  [我爱发明] 20151031 大葱保姆

  本期视频主要内容: 大葱在播种后3到4个月时,因为涨势相对密集,需要将葱苗移栽到空间更大的土地里。这样会让大葱生长的更加健硕。而移栽,也是大葱种植的过程中,最复杂的一步。刘德波是山东平度市小戈庄的一位普通农民,因为从小看着父亲种植大葱,极度耗费经历。善于动手的他,钻研出来了一台给大葱培土的机器,也正是因为这个帮助大家种植大葱的铁家伙,他成为了当地的发明大王。(《我爱发明》 20151031 大葱保姆)

  发明人:刘德波(13573206675)

  编导手记:山东省青岛平度市的大葱享誉全国,但是种植大葱的环节却繁多复杂,播种,起苗,移栽,培土,收葱。村民门每天早上5点就起来干活,顶着太阳劳作,中午只能在地里吃饭。十分辛苦,而且随着人工的成本不断提高,葱农们的效益却难见提升。

  刘德波,小戈庄里的发明大人,一直经营农机的他,敏锐的注意到了这一点。很早之前就做出了大葱培土机的机器。接触大葱行业多年,随着对于农机技术的不断精进,刘德波开始注意到在平度种植最广的大葱。平时农民种植,特别的辛苦,尤其看到身为葱农的父亲疲惫的身影,刘德波便暗下决心,要做出一台管理大葱的机器。也就是说,在种植大葱的播种,起苗,移栽,培土,收葱的每一步上面,都有机器能够代替,他还真的成功了。(编导:刘宇;摄像:李震)

  

  

  

  

篇二 大葱移栽机工作视频
[我爱发明]辣椒移栽机 辣椒搬迁队(发明人韩敬哲)

  [我爱发明] 20160721 辣椒搬迁队

  本期节目主要内容: 河南省商丘市柘城县的村民韩敬哲的辣椒移栽机构造很简单,就是通过楔型结构的铲开沟,然后,把辣椒苗放入到烟花筒一样储苗筒内,让其自由落下,正好落入到开好的沟里。到底能不能成功?这台辣椒移栽机究竟能否减轻人们的负担,代替人们来完成劳动呢?敬请收看。(《我爱发明》 20160721 辣椒搬迁队)

  发明人联系方式:韩敬哲

  

  

  

  编辑手记:

  6月,又到了辣椒种植的季节,种辣椒与种大葱类似,在种植过程中,都需要进行移栽,也就是,等到辣椒苗涨到30厘米左右,就得给它们换个更宽敞的新家,让它们茁壮成长。河南省商丘市柘城县的村民们就在为移栽辣椒而忙碌着。

  移栽的过程分为两步,首先,在旋耕完的土地上,村民们用他们特制的“土犁子”先开好一条10厘米深的沟,然后,再将辣椒苗插入,填埋即可,简单来说,就是挖个坑来埋点土。

  看起来,移栽的过程并没有多大难度,可开沟过程实际操作起来,可没有看起来那么简单。在移栽过程中,最重要的就是保持移栽后辣椒苗的直立稳定性,所以村民们在插完苗后,还有一个手抠压实的动作。

  虽然移栽辣椒幼苗并没有什么难度,但是,着实是一件苦差事,尤其是移栽过程,由于没有任何辅助的工具,人们只能蹲在田里,一颗苗一颗苗的进行填土,时间久了是腰酸背痛,膝盖疼,很容易落下病来,那么有没有一台辣椒移栽机能够代替这种简单却又复杂的劳动呢?

  韩敬哲可是村里的百宝箱,农闲时就喜欢摆弄机器,平时邻里乡亲,谁家的电器有问题了,都会请老韩帮忙。

  由于自己也种辣椒,那种腰酸背痛的感觉还让他记忆犹新,老韩就想着,能不能做一些工具减缓劳动强度呢?他虽然没上过一天学,可是,就是对机械感兴趣,他买来书籍自己研究,准备做一台移栽机,终于,经过了2个月的努力,一台初具雏形的机器诞生了。

  呵!还真做出来了!看看去!

  老韩的辣椒移栽机构造很简单,就是通过楔型结构的铲开沟,然后,把辣椒苗放入到烟花筒一样储苗筒内,让其自由落下,正好落入到开好的沟里。

  到底能不能成功?这台机器究竟能否减轻人们的负担,代替人们来完成劳动呢?期待哦~

篇三 大葱移栽机工作视频
大葱移栽机外文翻译

Trees Transplanting Machine Mechanics Model Establishment and

Shovel Blade Finite Element Analysis

Jie Zhou a, Zhipeng Li b, Qiang Huo c

Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

azhou19880528@gmail.com, blizp386@sohu.com, c505675673@qq.com

Keywords: trees transplanting machine, shovel blade, mechanics model, finite element analysis. Abstract. As shovel blade is the main working part of a trees transplanting machine, its design greatly affect the quality of the work conducted by the machine. In the research reported in this paper, the stress and strain analyses of the shovel blade were conducted. To carry out the analyses, the mechanics model of the machine was established first, then a three-dimensional model was built within Pro/E, and the blade’s static mechanics was analysed using ANSYS. With the results obtained, the maximum working pressure of the slave blade was finally identified , to satisfy the requirements of actual working conditions.

Introduction

Trees or small saplings are often required to be transplanted to other places due to the modern city construction, environmental transformation, forestation, etc. To use human resources to transplant results in high labor intensity, low efficiency, and high cost. In order to satisfy the requirement of the market, a kind of trees transplanting machine with simple structure and high efficiency has been applied to dig holes, place seedlings and transplant [1]. A machine of high-automation is desirable in order to meet the demand for mechanical transplantation of the afforestation seedling. The depth and ball diameter of soil are determined according to the diameter at breast height of the trees. Statistics show that tree transplant with the machine, the survival rate of forestation is 95% or above. Compared with the traditional afforestation technology the application of the machine shortens seeding period of 2-3 years, increases the rate of trees growth to 57.7%, and improves economic efficiency to 98% [2]. Because the shovel blade is the main working part of a trees transplanting machine, its design greatly affect the quality of the work conducted by the machine. In order to enhance the quality of the shovel blade design, this research established the mechanics model of the tree transplanting machine and carried out the finite element analysis of the shovel blade to predict its maximum working pressure.

Structure and working principle

The trees transplanting machine mainly consists of main frame, lift frame, supporting frame, shovel knife, and connecting and hydraulic mechanisms. Its overall structure is shown in Figure 1. The notations used in the figure are as follows: ‘1’, the tree; ‘2’, shovel blade; ‘3’, a shovel lifting lever with a sliding slot sword; ‘4’, supporting frame; ‘5’, supporting frame connected to the structure; ‘6’, shovel knife; ‘7’, ground; ‘8’, foundation platform; ‘9’, the rotation axes; ‘10’, overall lifting devices of shovel knife with hydraulic control ; ‘11’, overall lift sword of shovel sliding channel.

The shovel blade of trees transplanting machine is located in the opening-closing state in the front of the shoveling trees. The left three slices of shovel blades and the right three slices of shovel blades are open with a certain angles, and move along the transplanting machine toward the trees. After the shovel blade moves slowly to surround the tree, the shovel blade closes slowly and moves downward, and then penetrates the ground to reach the deep soil . The edge is closed when the cutting of a full root ball of the directed globular is complete, which is similar to cutting watermelon skin. The digging of each piece of shovel blade is controlled by the shovel blade lifting lever moving along the sliding slot of the fixed frame. All of the movements are controlled hydraulically.

Fig. 1 Trees transplanting machine general structure schematic drawing

Mechanics Model of the Shovel Blade

The shovel blade installed on the supporting frame can move up and down. Because the shovel blades have uniform motion in the start-up process, the internal and external force generated by mutual balance can be calculated using the statics instead of dynamics [3].

Figure 2 shows the following nine forces of shovel blade which influence the resistance of the shovel blade: soil gravity W, the stillness of the soil lateral pressure P0, soil-shovel blade surface friction and adhesion (µ1 · N), shovel on both sides of pure cutting blade resistance N11 and N12, soil role on the knife edge in shovel to reverse force method N2, soil-shovel blade cutting edge surface friction (µ1 · N2), shovel goes on soil caused sword to pressure the soil additional method Pb , and the soil to shovel blade with reaction force N0

.

Fig. 2 Shovel knife acorns resistance analysis

The mechanics theory is applied for the projection into σ axis. The shovel resistance P of the shovel blade can be obtained using the formula below [4]:

HzP=2{R(k0⋅sinβ⋅ctgδ−β)∫γ(z)z(1−)dzH0

+µ[Pb+W⋅cosδ+P0sinδ+(N11z+N12z)sinδ【大葱移栽机工作视频】

−(N11z+N12z)cosδ−2N2z⋅sinδ−2N2z⋅cosδ

【大葱移栽机工作视频】

+2µ⋅N2cos

+µN2⋅cosa0⋅sinω]+N2zsinδ−N2zsinδ−N2z⋅cosδ2 (1)

When the shovel blades used are identical, the forces that shovel oil cylinder on the shovel blade body tackle with shovel resistance P are equal.

Some researchers employ Simi-experience method, which is widely adapted in soil - machine system dynamics. The method utilizes the empirical formula [5] based on the similarity theory model to calculate the shovel blade resistance.

0.75530.2447P=0.1307X1.1884ρsC(13.9275+0.5633×100.0243β) (2)

where, X—— shovel blade displacement quantity(m); a0⋅cosω}+(N11z+N12z)cosδ+(N11z+N12z)sinδ2

s—— soil bulk density(g/cm2);

C—— soil cohesion(Pa);

B—— shovel blade around angle of half horn(°);

The experiment shows that the thickness of shovel blade will directly affect the result of compressive stress, which greatly influences the shovel resistance. To reduce the value of shovel resistance value the thickness of blade must be reduced. ρ

Finite Element Analysis

The three-dimensional moldle of shovel blade is established using Pro/E and the unit is set as meters Newton seconds (m·N·s); the three-dimensional model built is then imported into ANSYS as geometry models. The unit types are set as solid45 and the material is set as steel of 45#. Tensile strength σb=570~690MPa, elastic modulus E=206GPa, and Poisson's ratio µ=0.3[6]. The shovel blade is divided using discrimination grids and solid45. Through the mechanics analysis of shovel blade, it is assumed that the freedoms of the top and bottom are zero in the directions of X, Y, and Z. The number of the nodes of network division is 5,876.

The oil cylinder pressure of the shovel blade increases gradually during the digging process, so the stress should be within the allowable range as long as the oil cylinder pressure on the shovel blade does not exceed the maximum value when shovel reaches itsfinal position).

The shovel the force F[7] is calculated as follows:

F=DS (3)

where, D is the shovel blade oil cylinder pressure; S is the cylinder section area of shovel blade oil; S = 0.01767hm2. The cylinder force of shovel blade oil is 102833N in the final stage.

Within ANSYS, the stress image is acquired using the boundary conditions and the load as shown in Fig. 3. The maximum stress value obtained is 98.926 MPa, which does not exceed the requirement of the allowable stress of material. Observed from the convective stress, the point of stress concentration appears at the top and bottom of shovel blade edge. Structure in these places is weak, which has to be improved in the future.

Fig. 3 Shovel blade Stress of convective in final status

Concluding Remarks

The stress analysis for the shovel blade of the tree transplanting machine has been conducted. Due to the uniform motion of the shovel blade, only the hydraulic driving force and resistance, which the soil imposes on the shovel blade, are investigated in the research. The shovel blade’s mechanics model for the in-depth soil is built and the three-dimensional model is produced using Pro/E.【大葱移栽机工作视频】

According to the results of finite element-stress analysis, the stress distribution of the shove blade of tree transplanting machine is reasonable. The Maximum forces of the shovel blade occurs in the final stage of digging process; and the maximum stress value is 98.926 MPa which satisfies the allowable requirements of materials.

References

[1] Zhengping Gu, Ruizhen Shen: submitted to World forestry research (2005)

[2] Jiangguo Yu, Jinwei Qu: Farm machinery research. 38-41 (2006), p.12

[3] Hua Zhang: Small nursery stock move kind of machinery research (Zhejiang University

Publications, China 2008)

[4] Juxin Qu. The digging machines at home and abroad research situation and development

trendNew study of digging machines for trees (China's forestry science research institute Publications, China 2009)

[5] Wenhua Yang,Hang Chen:4YS-600 style shovel blade of trees transplanting machine element

analysis(Farm machinery research Publications, China 2008)

[6] Daxian Cheng: Mechanical design manual edtied by Chemical industry Publications, Beijing

(2002)

[7] Femando J D,Daniel E V: Fuzzy control activisms pensions (Mechatronics Publications, pp

897-920 2000)【大葱移栽机工作视频】

Advanced Design and Manufacture IV

10.4028//KEM.486

Trees Transplanting Machine Mechanical Model Establishment and Shovel Blade Finite ElementAnalysis

10.4028//KEM.486.234

篇四 大葱移栽机工作视频
移栽机

内蒙古农业大学

工程学科进展秧苗移栽机改进思路

学 院:机电工程学院

专 业:机械工程

学 号:2016212050034

【大葱移栽机工作视频】

姓 名:张磊

背景:随着世界人口的急剧膨胀,人们对玉米、水稻等粮食作物,棉花、番茄、大葱等经济作物的需求量也日益增长。目前,我国主要农作物种植还是以播种的方式为主。但采用育苗栽植的面积正在不断扩大。农产品的种植机械化正在成为农业机械化研究的重点领域。移栽技术作为一种种植技术。虽然比直播费工、费事。但却有着直播不可比拟的优势。移栽技术有效的避免低温、霜冻等气候问题,提高幼苗的成活率、保证幼苗达到农艺要求。延长作物生育期,有效地提高作物的品质,具有显著的节约成本、增产效果。由于人工移栽的成本高、效率低、劳动强度大,并且难以保证质量、研制机械化、自动化程度高的移栽机具有十分重要的意义。但总体来讲、我国的移栽机的设计、研究任然处于起步阶段、自动化程度不高,着限制了育苗栽植技术的综合经济效益。

秧苗移栽机种类:

(1)

(2) 钳夹式移栽机根据钳夹运动构件的不同又可分为圆盘钳夹式和链夹式两种。工作原

理基本相同,其主要不同点在于圆盘钳夹式移栽机的回转机构是回转圆盘,而链夹式移栽机的回转机构是安装在链轮上的链条。此类移栽机工作时,由人工将秧苗放置在钳夹上,秧苗在钳夹的夹持下随圆盘或链条作圆周运动,当运动到秧苗与地面垂直时,苗夹被控制机构打开,秧苗靠重力落入开沟器开出的沟内,完成投苗。投苗靠秧苗靠重力落入开沟器开出的沟内,完成投苗。

(3) 吊环式移栽机:吊篮式移栽机的栽植机构是由吊篮或桶形栽植器连接在偏心圆盘上

构成的。当吊篮在最高位置时,人工将秧苗放入吊篮内,当吊篮转到最低位置附近时,吊篮下部在固定滑道作用下打开,秧苗落入开沟器开出的沟内,随后被覆土固定。吊篮式移栽机适合于钵苗移栽。

(4) 带式移栽机:带式移栽机的移栽器由 1 条水平输送带和 1 条倾斜输送带组成,两

带的速度不同,钵苗在水平输送带上直立前进,在水平输送带末端翻倒在倾斜输送带上,当钵苗运动到倾斜带的末端时,钵苗翻转 90°落到苗沟中,经覆土镇压完成栽植过程。这种移栽机机构简单,移栽频率 4 ~ 5 株 /s,但是移栽的可靠性差、栽植质量低,需要做进一步改进。

(5) 总结: 导苗管式移栽机这类移栽机适用于钵苗的移栽,其栽植机理是秧苗靠自重

通过导苗管落入开沟器,从而完成栽植过程。与以上几种移栽机相比,秧苗在导苗管式移栽机内的运动是自由的,不是强制性的,因而不易伤苗。秧苗的直立度、株距、深度能够较好的控制和调节,但其秧苗投放仍是人工效率不高。改进导管式移栽机的秧苗投放系统可以极大的提高其工作效率。

(6) 导管式秧苗移栽机的秧苗投放系统改进思路:将秧苗以同样的间距放置在粘性夹带

中,待秧苗移动至稻苗管上方时两侧电动机滚轮同速将粘性带分开秧苗受重力自由下落进入导苗管。

秧苗投放系统改进图若下

篇五 大葱移栽机工作视频
大葱高产高效栽培技术

大葱高产高效栽培

一、选用优良品种

1.日本葱种系列

日本葱又称日本硬葱,属中型大葱,目前国内已引进三十多个品种,主要品种:有长胜、熊浑、圆藏、晚抽1本、长悦、明彦、长宝等品种。日本葱在我国各地土名叫:日本钢葱、日本铁杆。可划分为:日本长白型、杂交型、晚抽型。特征特性:生长势强,叶片直立中长,叶黑绿色,鲜艳,有光泽,折叶少,生长快,带有大量白腊质;商品性好,叶鞘部紧实,葱白长且光滑,商品性好,成品率高,耐运输。纤维粗,味辛辣,适宜炒食及加工脱水葱粉。抗逆性强,耐抽薹,耐热性、耐寒性强,抗锈病、霜霉病。速生高产,通过调整播种期能实现周年上市,是国内葱农种植最多的品种,适合全国种植。株高120多厘米,葱白长40-50厘米左右,长的可达65厘米左右,直径2.0~3.5厘米,一般亩产7-8千斤,窄行高密度种植也可达万斤以上。高产栽培可达亩产1-1.5万斤。

2.章丘大梧桐

山东省章丘市一带的地方品种,高脚白大葱、二九系大葱、掖选一号、河北巨葱都是从该品种中选出。株高130—150cm。叶管状细长,绿色,蜡粉少;叶尖锐,肉较薄,叶长冲;葱白长50一60cm,最长80cm,假茎直圆柱形,横径3—4cm,上下匀称一致;组织充实,质地洁白,辛辣适中,纤维少,汁多,品质优良。生长速度快,不易抽苔,不分蘖。单株重0.5—0.75kg,最重1.5kg。每亩产量2500--4000kg。晚熟生育期长,不抗紫斑病,不抗风。

二、科学定植

2.1整地施肥

大葱高产栽培最好选择3年没种过葱蒜类的地块。定植前注意底肥不施化学肥料以免烧苗烂根,有条件亩施熟腐畜禽粪便有机肥5000~10000斤或生物有机肥100~200公斤,均匀撒施于地面,耕翻20-30厘米,深耕细耙,整平做畦后,开沟栽植,生物有机肥也可开沟撒施然后栽植。

2.2适时定植

定植时间:秋播育苗9月上旬,翌年5月中旬移栽;早春育苗时间3月上旬

至3月下旬,6月初~6月底移栽,不能迟于6月底,一般苗高25~35厘米,茎粗7毫米左右,3~4片绿叶时定植。移苗前,在苗床上喷施一遍杀菌剂+叶面

肥作为陪嫁肥,灌透苗床后起苗,栽前起苗时提前1~2天浇水,潮土起苗,起苗时尽量不要用手直接拔苗,避免伤根。栽苗前将葱苗根部放在移栽灵800~1000倍液或恶霉灵+生根剂配成的溶液中浸泡5~10分钟,以提高成活率,缩短缓苗时间。

2.3定植方式,

以卖秋葱为主的高产栽培,行距每70厘米,开沟宽20~30厘米,深20~25厘米,株距2~2.5厘米,亩留苗2~3万株。每亩用葱苗1000公斤,按秧苗大小分别定植,大苗稀植,小苗密植,剔除细弱、病苗。定植时采取深栽、直插、千万不能斜擦,浅覆土逐渐拿起大垄的措施。移栽后及时浇水、划锄、清除杂草,促使早缓苗。

三、田间管理

3.1水分管理。大葱定植后正值高温季节,植株生长缓慢,一般不浇水,让根系迅速更新返青。雨后及时排水,防止烂根死苗。①葱白生长初期,植株生长缓慢,对水分要求不高,应少浇水,并于早晚浇水,避开中午以免骤然降低地温,影响根系生长,此时浇水2~3次即可。②葱白旺长期,此时植株生长迅速,平均7~8天长出1片新叶,叶序越高,叶长度越长,叶子寿命越长。此刻葱叶葱白迅速生长,此时植株需水量大,应结合追肥、培土,每4~5天浇一次大水,保持土壤湿润。生产上通过观察:心叶与最高叶片的高度差来判断大葱是否缺水,一般差在15cm左右为水分适宜,若超过20cm,说明缺水,心叶生长速度变缓,应及时浇水。③葱白充实期,“霜降”过后大葱进入生长后期,植株生长缓慢,此刻养分从叶片回流至葱白内,需水量逐渐减少,但仍然需要保持较大的土壤湿度,以保证葱白灌浆,叶肉肥厚,充满胶液,葱白鲜嫩肥实。此时浇水2次即可。收获前7~10天停止浇水。如露地储存过冬,期间土壤不能过湿,不宜浇大水,温度降至0℃以下后不宜培土采收,否则易湿腐。气温回升后适当浇水再采收。

3.2肥料管理。据研究,每1000kg大葱产品需从土壤中吸收氮3kg、磷0.55kg、钾3.33kg。施肥时不要施碳酸氢铵,否则葱白细软,不能出口。①葱白生长初期,一般不施肥。②葱白旺长期,氮磷钾要配合使用,结合培土,每亩追施三元复合肥50-100kg加生物菌肥100kg,也可用0.5%硼砂溶液叶面喷洒,亩用液量50L,10天左右1次,连续使用2~3次,能保证大葱植株健壮,成品率提高10%左右。结合浇水冲施肥料和微生物菌肥,每次冲施冲施肥20~30㎏,冲施北京中农富源生物工程技术有限公司生产的“保根120”,每亩0.3㎏。后期可以每亩冲施20kg尿素。

3.3适时机械培土。由于大葱采食部分是以假茎为主,商品葱假茎长度要求25~35厘米,因此,培土能软化葱白,改善品质。根据大葱不同生长阶段,人工培土:大葱整个生长阶段需培土4~6次,前2次陆续填平垄沟,以后培土要适当压紧实,每次培土厚约3~5cm,可分小培土、中培土、大培土。小培土以缓苗后结合中耕进行,一般小培土两次;中培土以假茎形成初期结合追肥浇水进行;在假茎形成后期大培土一次,大培土时土要拍实,以保证假茎白而鲜脆。培土应适当,一般在追肥浇水后进行,应掌握前松后紧的原则,生长前期培土不能太紧实,否则易出现葱白基部过细,中上部变粗的现象,影响质量。机械培土:大葱整个生长阶段需培一般培土两次,大葱开始旺盛生长,假茎高度超过地平面时,结合追肥进行雍土平沟。当假茎高于地面10cm左右时培土,长白型品种培土两次,假茎入土30-40cm,短白型和鸡腿型品种培土一次,假茎入土20cm左右。培土应在土壤水分适宜时进行,过干过湿均不宜培土;且应在午后进行,此时培土不会损伤植株。培土时以不埋没心叶为度。将土培至叶鞘与叶身的分界处略下,勿埋没叶身,以免引起叶片腐烂和污染葱白。培土时,取土宽度勿超过行距的1/3,以免伤根;培土后及时喷药防病。

人工培土费工费时,成本高,并且易造成机械损伤。采用山东富弘机械设备有限公司专业化生产的田园管理机, 大葱培土,节约了人工,并且每次培土深度相同。大葱培土机价格4000-5000元左右,开沟宽度20-80cm可以调整,开沟深度可以达到40cm,培土高度40cm,大葱培土机操作简单,方便安全、适用范围广、易维修、寿命更长,可配套多种农机具培土起垄、旋耕、播种施肥、锄草、收割、浇水、开沟施肥等多项功能。

四、病虫害防治

病害防治以预防为主,在发病前开始用药,发病初期用药应连续用2—3次,间隔5-7天;虫害防治宜在初发期开始用药。具体方案为(1)农业防治:适当进行轮作或增加有机肥及中微量元素肥用量,适时浇水、划锄,保持土壤通透性和合理的土壤结构,减少生理性病害的发生,降低病虫害侵染的机率。(2)物理防治:安装杀虫灯诱杀地下害虫(蛴螬、地老虎、蝼蛄等)、姜螟、甜菜夜蛾等成虫,每30亩一盏;糖醋液诱杀,用酒:水:糖:醋;敌百虫按1:2:3:4:0.5配成糖醋液,每200平方米一盆,每3-5天换一盆(4月下旬至5月下旬),可以显著降低成虫产卵量,减少幼虫为害的机率。(3)化学防治:用50%烯酰吗啉锰锌或72%霜脲〃锰锌600-800倍在大葱霜霉病、疫病发生前或发生初期进行保护性防治,在发病后可选择72.2%霜霉威盐酸盐或50%烯酰吗啉600倍防治,

要连续用药;在大葱灰霉病发病前或初期,用50%乙霉威或40%密霉胺800-1000倍均匀喷雾防治,一般连用2-3次,间隔5-7天(也可加叶面肥);大葱紫斑病是危害较严重的病害,可在发病前或初期用10%苯醚甲环唑1000倍进行防治;蓟马是危害大葱的主要害虫,可以在点片发生期用36%啶虫脒3000-5000倍或25%吡虫啉2000倍或10%灭蝇胺1000-1500倍防治;美洲斑潜蝇也是危害大葱生产的重要害虫,可以用1.8%阿维菌素1000-1500倍液喷雾防治;甜菜夜蛾发生危害时,可以用5%氟铃脲或氟啶脲1500倍喷雾防治。由于药液不易附着在葱叶上,建议大家在用药时加入增效展着剂以增强药效,降低污染,节约成本。特别注意,化学防治时一定采用高效、无毒、无残留农药或生物农药,注意超过农药的安全间隔期再收获,保证生产出合格的出口农产品。

根据不同的栽培目的确定不同的定植方式,如果想以淡季上市卖青葱为主要栽培目的,应采取以下两种定植方式:

①大垄主副行定植。主行5月中下旬定植,如果秧苗长势好尽量早定植,早定植可以早缓苗、早发棵,在小葱上市结束后,隔株间苗上市能卖上好的价格。定植时的株距为80厘米、行距3厘米,7月上中旬间苗上市,副行6月下旬定植,距主行10~12厘米采取扎眼方式进行栽植,一类苗栽主行,二类苗栽副行,株距5公分左右,8月上旬主行上市结束后,副行追肥拿起大垄,半月后也可上市卖青葱,也可卖秋葱。

②小行距密植栽培。5月中下旬定植,行距30~40厘米,株距5厘米,待小葱上市结束后,隔行隔株间苗上市,副行上市结束,主行拿起垄,根据市场行情,随后主行也可陆续上市。以上两种栽培方式主要以卖青葱为主,其田间管理的主要任务就是松土除草,防干旱和病虫害。

日本大葱味辛,性微温,具有发表通阳,有解毒调味,发汗抑菌和舒张血管的作用。主要用于风寒感冒、恶寒发热、头痛鼻塞,阴寒腹痛,痢疾泄泻,虫积内阻,乳汁不通,二便不利等症状。大葱含有挥发油,油中主要成分为蒜素,又含有二烯内基硫醚、草酸钙。另外,还含有脂肪、糖类、胡萝卜素等、维生素B、

C、烟酸、钙、镁、铁等成分。为多年生草本植物,叶子圆筒形,中间空,脆弱易折,呈青色。在东亚国家以及各处华人地区中 日本大葱,葱常作为一种很普遍的香料调味品或蔬菜食用,在东方烹调中占有重要的角色。而在山东则有大葱蘸酱的食用方法。

四、栽后管理

1、缓苗期管理:葱秧定植后,老根很快腐烂,4—5天后萌出新根,新根长出,新叶开始生长。此期为缓苗期。此时正是高温季节,生长极为缓慢,株高、株重开始都有减少。

篇六 大葱移栽机工作视频
大葱生产栽培技术

篇七 大葱移栽机工作视频
大葱栽培技术

经纪人网学习课件

大葱高产栽培技术(中)

制作人:李明岩

联系方式:045182291255

大葱栽培技术

•(2)播种量的确定大葱种子的播种量以每667平方米地l500克左右为宜,根据土壤性状、种子发芽率、气候等外界条件以及多年育苗经验,播种疏而不稀,是最理想的播种量,既节约种子,又节省间苗时间,有利于幼苗发育成长。大葱大田栽植与育苗面积比例一般为10:1。

大葱栽培技术

•(3)催芽大葱在播种期如遇低温不能按时播种或抢墒播种时,可采取温水催芽,热水烫种的办法,促进种子萌发。

大葱栽培技术

•热水烫种:用凉水将大葱种子浸泡后,放入75-85℃的热水中,水量约为种子的4-5倍,一面烫,一面搅动,待水温降到30℃左右为止。在30℃的水中再浸泡8-12小时,捞出后控干即可用于播种。

大葱栽培技术

•热水烫种的积极作用在于使大葱种皮迅速变软,增加裂纹,并促进胚细胞的呼吸作用。具有缩短浸泡时间,出芽迅速整齐的特点,多用于抢墒播种,缩短萌发时间,提前出苗。热烫浸种还能借热力杀死附着在大葱种子表面和潜伏在种子内部的病菌,对大葱种子消毒具有很好的作用。

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