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2014新人教版八年级下英语各单元复习提纲
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、重点短语1. have a fever 发烧
2. have a cough 咳嗽
3. have a toothache 牙疼
4. talk too much 说得太多
5. drink enough water 喝足够的水
6. have a cold 受凉;感冒
7. have a stomachache 胃疼
8. have a sore back 背疼
9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛
10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息
11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
12. see a dentist 看牙医
13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片
14. take one’ s temperature 量体温
15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药
16. feel very hot 感到很热
17. sound like 听起来像
18. all weekend 整个周末
19. in the same way 以同样的方式
20. go to a doctor 看医生
21. go along 沿着……走
22. on the side of the road 在马路边
23. shout for help 大声呼救
24. without th inking twice 没有多想
25. get off 下车
26. have a heart problem 有心脏病
27. to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的
28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于
29. in time 及时
30. save a life 挽救生命
31. get into trouble 造成麻烦
32. right away 立刻；马上
33. because of 由于
34. get out of 离开;从……出萍
35. hurt oneself 受伤
36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
37. fa ll down 摔倒
38. feel sick 感到恶心
39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难
43. mountain climbing 登山运动
44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
45. run out (of) 用完;用尽
46. so that 以便
47. so. . . that 如此… …以至于…
48. be in control of 掌管;管理
49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮
50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事
51. make a decision 做出决定
52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃
二、重点句型
1. What’ s the matter? What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you?
= What’ s wrong with you?你怎么了？
2. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？
Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？
主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..
①You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。
② You shouldn’ t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。
3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?你认为它是来自报纸还是书
4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
5. She said that the man had a heart problem andshould go to the hospital
Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、重点短语
1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日
2. an old people’s home 养老院【新版人教版英语八年级下册各单元知识要点】
3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to 曾经… 过去_
5. care for 关心;照顾
6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在......岁时
8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀
10. give out 分发;散发
11. come up with 想出；提出
12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌
14. try out 试用;试行
15. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力
16. put up 建造;举起;张贴
17. hand out 分发;散发;发给
18. call up 打电话;召集
19. put off 推迟;延迟
20. for example 比如；例如
21. raise money 筹钱;募捐
22. take after 与......相像;像
23. give away 赠送;捐赠
24. fix up 修理;修补;解决
25. be similar to 与……相似
26. set up 建立;设立
27. disabled people 残疾人
28. make a difference 影响;有作用
29. be able to 能够
30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目
二、重点句型
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。
5. . . . you can see in the ir eyes that they’ re going on
a different journey with each new book.
……从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.
现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一、 重点短语
go out for dinner 出去吃饭
stay out late 在外面待到很晚
go to the movies 去看电影
get a ride 搭车
work on 从事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
clean and tid y 干净整洁
do the dishes 洗餐具
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
sweep the floor 扫地
make your/the bed 整理床铺
clean the livng room 打扫客厅
no problem 没问题
welcome sb. 欢迎某人
come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家 throw down 扔下
sit down 坐下
come over 过来
take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
all the time 一直;总是
all day/evening 整曰/夜
do housework 做家务
shout back 大声回应
walk away 走开
share the housework 分担家务
a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
in surprise 惊讶地
get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
watch one show 观看一个节目
hang out 闲逛
pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
do chores 做杂务
help sb. (to ) d o /with sth•帮助某人干某事 bring a tent带顶帐篷来
buy some snacks买些小吃
go to the store去商店
invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
enough stress足够的压力
A waste of time浪费时间
in order to为了
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一．询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时，常用以下句型：
1.What’s the matter （with sb）? 2. What’s the trouble / problem（with sb）?
3.What’s wrong （with sb）? 你怎么了？ 4. What’s one’s trouble / problem ？
5.What’s up ? 6. What happened to sb ?7.Are you OK ? 8. Is there anything wrong with sb ?
二．表达身体不适或疼痛时，常用以下结构：
1.Sb + have /has + a / an + 疾病名称：have a cold / fever / cough / temperature
2.Sb + have/ has a sore +身体部位：have a sore throat / back
3.Sb + have / has+ a+ 身体部位—ache have a toothache /headache / stomachache / earache /backache
4.Sb + hurt(s) +身体部位/ oneself ; He hurt his leg . 或 身体部位+ hurts ; My head hurts badly .
5.There is something wrong with one’s +身体部位。
6.Sb +have /has a pain in one’s +身体部位
三．情态动词 should / should’t 的用法：意为’应该，应当’ 后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。通常表示提出意见或建议，或义务和责任，还可表示命令责备或要求等语气;
1. You should lie down and rest . 2.You should’t eat so much next time . 3. What should I do ?
4. Should I put some medicine on it ？ ----Yes ,you should ./ No, you should’ t. Section A
1.sore adj. 疼痛的 可作定语或表语She has a sore throat / back . My leg is very sore .
2.back n. 后面，背面 He sat at the back of the classroom. adv . 回 （原处） come back
3. lie 躺，卧---lay. lain.lying lie down 躺下 撒谎 ---lied.lied .lying You are lying to me .
n. 谎言假话 tell a lie / lies lay .---laid .laid. laying 产卵 下蛋 放置
4. rest 休息 v./n. You should rest for a few days . get some rest= have(take) a rest /a break / breaks休息一下
5. to one ‘s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 常作插入语，位于句首 To his surprise,she failed the exam .
in surprise 吃惊地 surprising ----物 What surprising news !
Surprised---- 人be surprised to do / be surprised at sth / be surprised that…
6. much too+ 形容词， 太...... ， too many+可数名词复数，太多……
too much+不可数名词，太多…也可做副词 talk too much
7. enough形容、副词,足够的/地，(1) enough +名词; enough water (2) 形副+ enough ; good enough
8. sound like+名词代词和从句：听起来像 It sounds like you don’t know the truth.. It sounds like a good idea. Sound( look/feel/taste/smell )+形容词 听起来... eg. The music sounds nice.
9. need (1).需要，实义动词 人作主语 need+sth，需要某物； need (sb)to do sth.需要做某事，
(2). 物作主语；sth needs doing/ to be done ; The room needs cleaning /to be cleaned.
(3) 情态动词,多用于否定句或疑问句 Need I stay here ?---Yes, you must . /No, you need’t.
10. agree 同意，赞同---disagree(反义词) agree with sb. 同意某人 agree to do. 同意做某事
11. right away =right now =at once，意为 马上 。
12. advice(不可数)建议,意见 a piece of advice 一条建议 give sb. advice on sth./ take one’s advice
advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth.建议做某事
13. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg . He hurt her feelings.
不及物动词，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.
14. hit ---hit（过去式）（用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。
当名词用时；get hit on the head 头部受到撞击
15. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 I saw a boy playing football near my home.
See sb do sth 看见某人做某事（强调全过程） We saw him cross the road.
16.shout to sb向某人喊话 shout at sb 冲某人叫喊（贬义） shout for help 大声呼救
17. expect sb to do sth期待某人去做某事。
18.think about（+doing）考虑 think of 想起，认为 think over 仔细考虑 think up 想出
19.fall down（+from）摔倒，跌倒 fall behind 落后，跟不上 fall into落入… fall asleep 入睡
Fall in love with 爱上… fall off… 从……跌落下来
20.反身代词myself./ yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves /yourselves / themselves
作同位语；Did you make the cake yourself ? 做表语 I’m not myself today .
enjoy oneself help oneself to… by oneself hurt/ cut oneself teach oneself=learn sth by oneself
21.trouble (不可数)；苦恼，问题 be in trouble 处于困境 get into trouble陷入困境 make trouble 制造麻烦 have trouble / difficulties / problems (in) doing sth做......有麻烦 做某事有困难
22.put …… on sth 在某物上放…… put some medicine on the cut (伤口) put a bandage on it 在它上面放绷带
23. in the same way 以同样的方式 on the way to 在去……的路上 in the way 挡路
out of the way 不再碍事 by the way 顺便说一下 in this way 用这种方法 in a way 在某种程度上
24.get an X-ray 拍X 光片 take one’s temperature 量体温 hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 see a dentist 看牙医 go to a doctor =go to see a doctor = go to the doctor’s 看医生 get off 下车---get on 上车 all weekend 整个周末 away from 远离
for too long 太长时间 on the side of the road 在马路边 without thinking twice 没多想 get sunburned 被晒伤 have a heart problem有心脏病 feel very hot 感到很热
thanks to 多亏,由于（=because of =with the help of） have a nosebleed 流鼻血
cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 put her head back 把她的头向后仰 save a life 挽救生命
in time 及时 on time 准时 do the right thing 做正确的事 go mountain climbing 去爬山Section B
1.sick adj.① 生病的，有病的。作表语和定语 。ill只能作表语 be /feel sick =be ill ②恶心的 I feel a little sick. ③ 厌倦的 be sick of I’m sick of running .
2. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于…适应做某事…(be = get = become) He is used to getting up early .
be used to do sth = be used for sth /doing被用于做某事 Wood is used to make houses .
Used to do sth 过去常做某事 He used to go to work by bus .
3. take a risk=take risks 冒险 the risk of sth /doing……的风险 at risk 在危险中 risk to do sth. 冒险去做某事
4. in a very dangerous situation 在一种非常危险的情况下
5. sth. run out 某物用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.
6．blood 血，不可数。a drop of blood 一滴血 -----bloody 有血的，出血的 get out of 离开， 从…出来
7.mean---meant 动词 ①意思是 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 ②打算 mean to do sth I mean to go tomorrow. meaning 名词，含义 意思。 mean 形容词：小气的，吝啬的
What do you mean by the word ?= What does the word mean ?= What is the meaning of the word ?
8.the importance of (doing) sth 做某事的重要性 Do you understand the importance of studying hard ?
important ---unimportant (不)重要的
9. free 形容词：空闲的 free time；免费的 The drink is for free；自由的 I want to become a free bird.
free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm.
10. make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth = make up one’s ming to do sth =determine to do sth 下决心做某事
11. be in control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in control of this new school.
be out of control 无法控制，无法管理 under control 在控制之下
12. death 名词（不）---die 动词----dead 形容词---dying 形容词 ：垂死的，临终的【新版人教版英语八年级下册各单元知识要点】
He is afraid of death . She died two years ago . The dog is dead . It is a dying bird.
13. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games / Never give up easily.
14.so that 以便，为的是 （当主句与从句主语一致是= in order to =so as to ）
He worked hard so that he could succeed. = …… in order to / so as to …….
15. be interested in = take an interest in 对…感兴趣
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法
(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：
What’s the matter (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s wrong (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb．)?（某人）出什么事了？
What happened (to sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？
Are you OK?你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？
(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
①某人+have/has+病症．
The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。
某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位． He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词． He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。
⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。
⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位．
There is something wrong with my right eye．．我的右眼有毛病。
⑧其他表达方式
She has a heart trouble．她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger．她割破手指了。
二 情态动词should的用法
1．Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water with honey．你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。
2．Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？ Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：
①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？
Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？
②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我们做„„好吗？
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？
③Why not do sth ?为什么不„„呢？
Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？
④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？ How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样？
⑤Let’s do sth让我们做„„吧。 Let’s go home．咱们回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone．你最好不要一个人去那儿。
Unit 2 I'll help clean up the city parks
动词不定式
A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare„常接动词不定式作宾语。
C. 作（后置）定语——常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“enough＋名＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。
D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。
【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。
E. 动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。
F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：
had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
Could you please...?句型
（1）请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can you...please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I...?若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。
Could you help me find my book,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？
（2）对could you/I...?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh,please don’t”。 一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。
（3）表示请求的句式：
Would you like to do...? Would you mind doing...? Let’s do.... Shall I/we do...?
Please do...(祈使句前加please)
提示：could you please...与could I Please...两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：
Could you please help me?请你帮我一下好吗？
Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom? 妈妈， 我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？
Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?
1.提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How /what about doing sth.?（about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词）“„怎么样？”
You’d better (not) do something.“你最好（不）做某事”
Would you like sth „?:“你想要某物Let‟s do sth„?
What should I do „? ( should表示请求、征询对方意见)
2.学会谈论问题和学会用why don't you„提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的表达方式： Why don‟t you do something? =Why not do something? 你为什么不做某事呢？ 来表示请求、征询对方意见 ３．until, so that ,although引导的状语从句：
1)until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到„„时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到„„才„„”, “在„„以前不„„”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don‟t get off until the bus stops.
2）so that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future
3）although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。 例如：Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？
过去进行时
1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的
动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。
2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing
3. 句式
肯定式：
I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.
否定式:
I/He/She/It was not working.
We/You/They/ were not working.
疑问式和简略回答:
Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注：
1) was not常缩略为wasn’t; were not常缩略为weren’t。
2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 例如:
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)
David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)
4.过去进行时中的when和while
when, while 区别：
1) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。
When the teacher came in, we were talking.
当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.
2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：
They were singing while we were dancing.
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains
1. unless引导条件状语从句
unless = if „ not ―除非，若不
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.
= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.
2. as soon as引导时间状语从句。 ―„„就
He will come and see you as soon as he can.
3. so.......that引导结果状语从句
句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句
It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
句型4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级
（一）原级句型：
1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样„eg: He is as tall as me.
2.A is not as/so +原级+ as B表示A不如B„eg:He is not as tall as me.
3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等
例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
（二）比较级句型
可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，„的多a little，a bit，„一点儿 even甚至，still仍然
Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
1.当句中有than 时则用比较级。 eg: He is fatter than me.
2．当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”
eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越„„”。
eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越„
eg: English is more and more important.
4. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越„„，越„„”。
Eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
5.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+„„”表示“A是两者中较„„的”。
Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
6.A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)” 表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都„„”，含义是“A最„„”。
Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
（三）最高级常用句型结构
1．“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“„„是„„中最„„的”。
eg：Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.
This apple is the biggest of the five.
2．“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“„„是„„中最„„之一”。
Eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
3．“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or C？”用于三者以上
eg Which is the biggest? The moon,the sun or ths earth?
4.“the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示„是第几大（„）
eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the eg: He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend.
（四）形容词副词的规则与不规则变化
规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，
heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，
eg. big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，
slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
—It’s so dark. 太黑了。
—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。
Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
（3） 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework. （否定句）
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
—Have you finished your homework?
—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, （一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）
（4）has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Eg. ---Where is your father？
---He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.
（5）现在完成时的标志：
①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.
②for + 时间段；since + 过去的时间点；since + 段时间 ago；since + 一般过去时的句子。
They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.
（6）动词过去式和过去分词的变化
规则变化： 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：
pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned
3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：
study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：
stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped
不规则变化：
5. 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：
feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept
7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy → bought → bought;
bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught
人教八下重要短语、句型及语法 Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. so that 以便 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’s temperature 量体温 15. give up 放弃
16. keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事 17. sound like 听起来像 18. run out (of) 用完; 用尽 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 21. go along 沿着……走 二、重点句型
1. What’ s the matter with you? / What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？
2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？→ 主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. .. ①You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。
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23. make a decision 做出决定 24. without thinking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车
26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’s surprise 使....... 惊京讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于
34. get out of 离开;从……出萍 35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. take risks 冒险 37. fall down 摔倒
38. feel sick 感到恶心/感到不舒服 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. so. . . that 如此… …以至于… 41. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 42. be in control of 掌管;管理
② You shouldn’t go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。 3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？
4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
5. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital 三、重点语法
1. have在涉及健康问题的句子中的应用。
2. 情态动词should和shouldn’t表“建议”、“提议”或“请求”等。 3. 反身代词。
4. see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在从事某事或正处于某种状态” see sb. do sth （注：不定式不必带 to）表示“看见某人/某物做完某事” 5. thanks to sb./sth.表示“多亏；因为；由于”。
Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、重点短语
1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old people’s home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经… … ；过去 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在......岁时 8. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀 10. give out 分发; 散发 11. come up with 想出；提出 12. make a plan 制订计划 13. make some notices 做些公告牌
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14. try out 试用;试行
15. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力 16. put up 建造;举起;张贴 17. hand out 分发;散发;发给 18. call up 打电话;召集 19. put off 推迟;延迟 20. for example 比如；例如 21. raise money 筹钱;募捐 22. take after 与......相像;像 23. give away 赠送;捐赠 24. fix up 修理;修补;解决 25. be similar to 与……相似 26. set up 建立;设立
27. disabled people 残疾人 28. make a difference 影响;有作用
29. be able to 能够
30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目
二、重点句型
1. The boy could 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。 3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided 去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者 的选拔。
5. I want to 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工 作而着急。 8. You helped to make it possible for me 在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。 三、重点语法
1. 动词不定式作宾语；状语和宾语补足语。 2. 情态动词could表建议的用法。 3. 动词短语。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一、 重点短语
1. go out for dinner 出去吃饭 2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚 3. go to the movies 去看电影 4. get a ride 搭车
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5. work on 从事
6. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 7. depend on依赖;依靠 8. do the dishes 洗餐具
9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 10. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服 11. sweep the floor 扫地 12. make your/the bed 整理床铺 14. no problem 没问题 15. welcome sb. 欢迎某人 16. come home from work下班回家 17. throw down 扔下 18. a waste of time浪费时间 19. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 20. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 21. all the time 一直;总是 22. all day/evening 整曰/夜 23. do house work 做家务 24. shout back 大声回应 25. enough stress足够的压力 26. share the housework 分担家务 二、重点句型
27. look after/take care of 照顾；照看 28. in surprise 惊讶地
29. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西 30. in order to为了 31. hang out 闲逛
32. do one’s part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事
33. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 34. get good grades取得好成绩 35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 36. do chores 做杂务
37. help sb. do / with sth 帮助某人干某事 38. mind doing sth. 介意做某事 39. buy some snacks买些小吃 40. go to the store去商店
41. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
1. Could you please…..do sth. ? / Could you please clean your room? 2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。
3. Could I+ do sth. ? → Could I use your computer? 4. She won’ t be happy if she sees this mess.
如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。 5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。 6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV . 我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。 7. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth. → I hate to do chores.【新版人教版英语八年级下册各单元知识要点】
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三、重点语法
1. Could表礼貌的请求或者请求允许。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、重点短语
1. have free time有空闲时间
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 4. after-school classes课外活动课 5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 6. until midnight直到半夜 7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 8. too many太多
9. study too much学得过多 10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠 11. write sb. a letter给某人写信 12. call sb. up打电话给某人 13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 14. look through翻看
15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 16. a big deal重要的事 17. work out成功地发展;解决 18. get on with不 11睦相处；关系良: 19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架 20. hang over笼罩
21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 二、重点句型
1. I studied until mid night last night so I didn’t get enough sleep. 我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。
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22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 23. so that以便
24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 25. all the time一直 26. in future今后
27. make sb. angry使某人生气 28. worry about sth. 担心某事
29. copy one’s homework抄袭某人的作业 30. be oneself做自己 31. family members
32. spend time alone独自消磨时光 33. give sb. pressure给某人施压 34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities业余活动 37. get better grades取得更好的成绩 38. give one’s opinion提出某人的观点 39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧 40. practice sports体育训练 41. cause stress造成压力 42. cut out删除
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、重点短语
1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼
4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. have a cold 受凉;感冒
7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛
10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医
13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’ s temperature 量体温
15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热
17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way ♦ 以同样的方式
20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边
23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有多想
25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于
27. to one’ s surprise 使....... 惊讶的 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命
31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上
33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从……出萍35. hurt oneself 受伤
36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fa ll down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心
39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难
43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
45. run out (of) 用完;用尽 46. so that 以便
47. so. . . that 如此… …以至于… 48. be in control of 掌管;管理
49. in a d iffic u lt situation 在闲境屮 50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事
51. make a decision 做出决定 52. take risks 冒险 53. give up 放弃
二、重点句型1. What’ s the matter?What’ s the matter with you?
= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？
2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？
Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗？主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..
①You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。
② You shouldn’ t go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。
3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？
4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
5. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital
16. keep on doing sth 继续做某事，重复做…(有间隔) keep doing sth (无间断)
Keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
17. cut off 切断 cut down 砍到 cut up 切碎 cut in 插入插话 cut out 删掉 cut 。。。into… 把…切成…
18.mind doing sth 介意做某事 19.lose one’s way = get lost 迷路 lose to sb 输给某人
20.almost 几乎，差不多。指程度上的空间距离，时间长短等
almost +no,none,nothing,never 等Nearly 多用于数字
①You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。
She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital 她说那位老人有心脏病应该去医院 ② You shouldn't go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。
3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？
4. 在伤口上涂些药。Put some medicine on the cut.
5.Did you hurt yourself playing football?你踢足球时伤到自己了吗？
6.Something is wrong with my bike./there is something wrong with my bike .我的自行车有点毛病。
7.I am sorry to trouble you .很抱歉打扰你了。 8. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它摘自报纸还是书？
Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、重点短语
1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日2. an old people’s home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to 曾经… … ；过去_5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在......岁时 8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀
10. give out 分发;散发 11. come up w ith 想出；提出 12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌 14. try out 试用;试行
15. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力 16. put up 建造;举起;张贴
17. hand out 分发;散发;发给18. call up 打电话;召集 19. put off 推迟;延迟
20. for example 比如；例如 21. raise money 筹钱;募捐22. take after 与......相像;像
23. give away 赠送;捐赠24. fix up 修理;修补;解决 25. be similar to 与……相似
26. set up 建立;设立27. disabled people 残疾人28. make a difference 影响;有作用
29. be able to 能够 30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目
二、重点句型
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者 的选拔。
5. . . . you can see in their eyes that they’ re going on a different journey with each new book.
……从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每 本不同的新书之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to w o rk in an animal hosp ital u n til next summer.
我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.
现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工 作而着急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一、 重点短语
1. go out for dinner 出去吃饭 2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 去看电影 4. get a ride 搭车 5. work on 从事
6. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 7. clean and tid y 干净整洁 8. do the dishes 洗餐具
9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 10. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
11. sweep the floor 扫地 12. make your/the bed 整理床铺
13. clean the living room 打扫客厅 14. no problem 没问题
15. welcome sb. 欢迎某人 16. come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家
17. throw down 扔下 18. sit down 坐下 19. come over 过来
20. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 21. all the time 一直;总是 22. all day/evening 整曰/夜
23. do housework 做家务 24. shout back 大声回应 25. walk away 走开
26. .share the housework 分担家务 27. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家 28. in surprise 惊讶地
29. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西 30. watch one show 观看一个节目
31. hang out 闲逛 32. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
33. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 34. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 36. do chores 做杂务
37. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth•帮助某人干某事 38. bring a tent带顶帐篷来
39. buy some snacks买些小吃 40. go to the store去商店invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 enough stress足够的压力
a waste of time浪费时间 in order to为了
get good grades取得好成绩 mind doing sth. 介意做某事
depend on依赖;依靠 develop children ’ s independence发展孩子的独立性 look after/take care of 照顾；照看 do one’ s part in (doing) sth.做某人分内的事
二、重点句型 1. Could you please…..do sth. ?
Could you please clean your room? 你能整理一下你的房间吗？
2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。
3. Could I+ do sth. ? Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
4. She won’ t be happy if she sees th is mess.
如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V .
我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
7. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth. I hate to do chores.
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、重点短语
1. have free time有空闲时间 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 4. after-school classes课外活动课
5. get into a fight w ith sb. 与某人吵架/打架 6. until midnight直到半夜
7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 8. too many太多
9. study too much学得过多 10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠
11. write sb. a letter给某人写信 12. call sb. up打电话给某人
13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 14. look through翻看
15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 16. a big deal重要的事
17. work out成功地发展;解决 18. get on with不 11睦相处；关系良:
19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架 20. hang over笼罩
21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
23. so that以便 24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
25. all the time一直 26. in future今后
27. make sb. angry使某人生气 28. worry about sth. 担心某事
29. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业 30. be oneself做自己
31. family members 32. spend time alone独自消磨时光
33. give sb. pressure给某人施压 34. have a fight w ith sb. 与某人吵架
35. compete w ith sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities业余活动
37. get better grades取得更好的成绩 38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点
39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧 40. practice sports体育训练
41. cause stress造成压力 42. cut out删除
二、重点句型
1. I studied until mid night last night so I didn’t get enough sleep.我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。
2. Why don 't you forge t about it? 你为什么不忘掉它呢？
3. Although she ’ s wrong , i t ' s not a big deal.虽然她错了，但这并不是什么大事儿。
4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry.
他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。
5. May be you could go to his house. 也许你可以去他家。
6. I guess I could, b u t I d o n ’ t w a n t to surprise him.
我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
一、重点短语
1. make sure 确信;确认 2. beat against... 拍打… …
3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着 4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
5. wake up 醒来 6. in a mess 一团糟
7. break.. . apart 使……分离 8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
9. at the time of 当.......时候 10. go off (闹钟)发出响声
11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡 12. miss the bus 错过公交车
13. pick up 接电话 14. bring... together 使……靠拢
15. in the area 在这个地区 16. miss the event 错过这个事件
17. by the side of the road 在路边 18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线
19. walk by 走路经过 20. make one’s way to. 在某人去……的路上
21. hear the news 听到这个消息 22.important events in history 历史上的重大事件
23.for example 例如 24.be killed 被杀害
25.over 50 5 0多(岁） 26. a school pupil 一个小学生
27. on the radio 通过广播 28.in silence 沉默;无声
29.more recently 最近地;新近 30. the World Trade Center 世贸中心
31.take down 拆除;摧毁 32.have meaning to 对……有意义
33.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 34.at first 首先;最初
二、重点句型
1. — What were you doing at eight last night? 昨晚8 点你在干什么？
— I was taking a shower. 我在洗淋浴。
2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？ — While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping
Mary with her homework. 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。
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