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长句子(篇一)
《长句子分析》
1. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
要点：句子的框架是 and it is imagined … that…, and that …。这是典型的句型it + is + p. p. （过去分词）+ that clause。it是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句，由连词and 连接。operation 此处不能译成“操作”，根据上下文应译成“活动”，这里的processes 要译成“思维过程”，而不能简单地理解成“过程”。
译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
2. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
要点：句子的框架是whether …or… often depends on …。whether … or 引导了主语从句作句子的主语，financing 这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”；介词结构 of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语 the issue 的后置定语，of 介词结构中又包含了which 引导的介词宾语从句。
译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量
3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
要点：句子的框架是 how … depends on … and on … 。句子的主语由how引导的主语从句担任；谓语动词词组depends on后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词with + which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom。
译文：这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智
4. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
要点：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether … or … 。主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historicalwork和介词词组in eneral作后置定语修饰the concepts；在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate
… to … of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research techniques。
译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
5.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
要点：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether … or … 。主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historicalwork和介词词组in eneral作后置定语修饰the concepts；在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate
… to … of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research techniques。
译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
6. There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.
要点：句子的框架是there are … kids …, and demographers predict that …。这是一个并列复合句，在第二个并列分句中，谓语动词predict后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句；在that宾语从句中，a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak是35 million teens的同位语。
译文：12岁至19岁年龄组的孩子目前有3100万，人口学家预测，到2010年他们将达到3500万，比二战后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多
actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.
要点：句子的框架是it seemed … but what … was that …。句子由but连接的两个并列分句构成：a. it seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was that … 在第二个分句中，what引导了主语从句担任主语，that引导了表语从句。这里injection不能译成“注射”，根据上下文要译成“注入”。
译文：地球内的断层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑，这几乎是难以令人相信的，但是这确实正在发生。
8. It is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.
要点：句子的框架是it is … surprising … that education system have … been …
criticized, … on the ground that …。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，而主语从句又包含了that引导的同位语从句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介词词组on the ground 中ground的同位语，ground这里的意思是“根据”。
译文：那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评，就不那么令人感到惊讶了，批评者的部分根据是，这种教育培养人们在一种已过时的社会中生存。
9.There are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what we’re able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.
要点：句子的框架是there are … grounds for thinking that the health… derives from what …, rather than what…。介词结构for thinking …中包含了that引导的宾语从句作分词thinking的宾语；而这个宾语从句中又包含了两个并列的介词宾语从句：a. what we’re able to put into life; b. what we try to get out of it. 两个宾语从句由rather than连接。
译文：至于个人和社会的健康可以以这样的理由来衡量，我们对生活能够付出多少而不是我们能向生活取得多少。
10.The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic – projects in recent aerospace engineering.
要点：句子的框架是the announcement… that is has decided… brings an end to …。主语the announcement后面跟了一个that引导的同位语从句，在that从句中，动词不定式短语to build… called the sonic cruiser作plan的后置定语，而不定式短语中的过去分词短语called the sonic cruiser作plane的后置定语；破折号之后的and some say是插入语。
译文：波音公司宣布放弃修建一种名叫“音速游艇”的新潮、高速飞机的计划，这一决定使近年来航空工程中最富想象力—还有人称纯属空想的计划落了空。
11.Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.
要点：句子的框架是experts are debating whether we should …, or encourage…。句子的主语部分是experts are debating …，而whether … or … 引导了宾语从句作谓语动词are
debating的宾语。其中burden…with…是“使…背上负担”之意；在后半句or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts 中，两个并列的不定式短语to relieve … of …和to free…to
understand …作目的状语。另外，词组relieve somebody of something指“减轻…”。
译文：我们应该用心算来增加孩子们的负担，还是应该鼓励他们使用计算器来减轻其繁重的学习任务，使他们不再费神去理解（抽象的）数学概念，专家们对此尚未达成一致。
12.A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.
要点：句子的框架是a religious sect… declared … that …, but it offered…。这个句子中，由but连接了两个并列分句。在前一个分句中，由that引导的定语从句that contends that… by cloning themselves修饰先行词a religious sect，而定语从句中又包含了that引导的宾语从句作动词contends的宾语。
译文：一个宣称人类是由外星人克隆而成的邪教组织于星期五宣布第一个克隆人已出生，但它没有谈及过多细节，也没有提供任何证据。
13.One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons freely emerge.
要点：本句在非限制性定语从句里又包含一个限制性定语从句，为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们将两个定语从句都译为后置的并列分句。
译文：一个例子就是太阳的边缘，这是一个气状的表面，可见光的光子从中源源涌出。
14. Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.
要点：定语从句与先行词融合起来，翻译成时间状语从句。
译文：代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议，而现在则发展到招募兵员并推选乔治• 华盛顿为总司令了。
15. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producting and marketing food.
要点：句子的框架是the food supply will not increase... to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis ...。关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。其先行词是前面一整句。翻译时译成另一个分句。在这个从句中又包含了一个由that引导的名词从句作means的宾语。指示代词this在这儿指代上文的人口增长。
译文：食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。
16. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.
要点：句子的框架是other issues that concern ...，are not easily linked to...，save at...。这是一个含有that引导的定语从句的长主句，other issues是主语，也是先行词。such as引导并列成分。谓语是are not easily linked to public support of scientific research。save在这个句子中相当于“except”，意为“除了。。。”。body politic可译为“国家”。
译文：除了在教育层次上，其他一些与国家息息相关的问题，如犯罪、贫穷和福利都难以与公共支持的科研相提并论。
长句子(篇二)
《英语长句子》
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
11.酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
17.人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
19.音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
22.一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。
23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
23.在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。
24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
24.大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。
25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。
26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
26.到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。
27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
27.伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。
28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
28. Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。
29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。
30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
30.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。
31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
31.骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。
32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
32.科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。
33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of
life. 33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。
34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed. 34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。
35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
35.未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。
36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
36. Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一，此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。
37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
37. Lucretia Mott’s的影响巨大，所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。
38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。
39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线，该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。
40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
40.对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。
41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。
42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
42.墙花之所以叫墙花，是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长，以便有所依附。
43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往，而不是他们各自生活中的事件。
44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。
45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀，凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起，飞离它们的躲藏地。
46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
46.根据人类学家的说法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似，额头后倾，眉毛突出。
47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
47.直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。
48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
48. John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。
49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
49.父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。
长句子(篇三)
《英语长句子的翻译》
长句子(篇四)
《产品英语长句子精华版》
重点长句子
1、Beginning in the late seventeenth century with the work of Robert Boyle, who proposed the presently accepted concept of an element, numerous investigations produced a considerable knowledge of the properties of elements and their compounds早在17世纪末期，罗伯特·波义耳就开始了这项工作，他提出了现在公认的元素概念，大量的研究使我们对元素及其化合物的性质有了相当的了解。
2、Thus it is possible to arrange the list of elements in tabular form with elements having similar properties placed in vertical columns。于是，将具有类试性质的元素排成纵列，从而把元素排成表格形式是可能的。 3、However, as is characteristic of most transition elements, they form ions having other charges as well.然而，像许多过渡元素所具有的特点一样，他们也形成具有其他电荷的离子。
4、They form such a wide Variety of compounds that it is not practical at this point to present any examples as being typical of the behavior of the respective groups.他们形成了各种不同的化合物，在这一点上我们甚至不能举出任何能表现各族元素典型变化的例子。
5、It would be impossible to learn properties and behavior of even a fraction of this number if it had to be done on the basis of individual compounds 如果根据各别化合物来了解这么多化合物的性质和行为，即使是其中的一小部分也是不可能的。
6、For example. HCl is classed as an acid. and by becoming familiar with the behavior of acids as a distinct class, we are at once aware of the general properties of the compound。例如，盐酸归类为酸，由于已熟悉作为不同类别酸的性质，我们就会立即知道这一类化合物的一般性质。
7、When an acid, base, or salt is dissolved in water the resulting solution is a conductor of the electric current and is termed an electrolyte. If no conduction of current occurs, the compound is known as a nonelectrolyte. 当一种酸碱或盐溶解在水中，这个溶液将成为电流的导体并且归类为电解质，如果不能使电流通过，这个化合物被归类为非电解质。
8、Acids, in the conventional sense, may be recognized by noting that the H is written first in the formula and that the rest of the compound is generally nonmetallic.
Ex., HCl, H2SO4, HClO.算，按传统的观念，在化学式第一个开头的字母为H，余下的是非金属元素的化合物被认为是酸。
9、Just as the characteristic part of an acid is hydroxide ion, so the characteristic part of a base in water solution is the hydroxide ion, OH~.正如特色的部分,所以酸氢离子特征的一个组成部分,基地在水溶液中离子的氢氧化物,喔~。
10、In these cases the oxidation state of the metal is shown by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the English name of the metal which corresponds to its oxidation number在这种情况下，金属氧化态是紧接着英语名称之后再圆括号中用罗马数字表示，该数字与金属的氧化数一致。
11、The student should have a good start in learning nomenclature if he has learned the Valence Table 3 which gives both charges on ions and names for the more common ones。
一个学生如果掌握了给出离子电荷和较常见的离子名称的价见表3，他在掌握命名方面就必定有了有一个好的开端。
12、The older system of naming and one still widely used employs Greek prefixes for both the number of oxygen atoms and that of the other element in the compound. 这个旧的系统的命名与一个更广泛的应用都雇用了希腊的前缀的数量的氧原子和其他元素的化合物/
13、When series of locants containing the same number of terms are compared term by term, that series is "lowest" which contains the lowest number on the occasion of the first difference. This principle is applied irrespective of the nature of the substituents. 当逐一比较包含着相同（碳原子）数目的词语的许多位次时，根据第一个位次差值的理由，含最低数字的是最低者。
14、The characteristic groups listed in Table 11 are always cited by prefixes, as given in the Table, to the name of the parent compound 表11中列出的特征性基团，对母体化合物名称来说总是按表中所给的前缀加以引用。 1
15、If any characteristic groups other than those in Table 11 are present, one kind must be cited as suffix, but only one kind在表11的基团外，如果存在着其他特征官能团，一种，而且只有一种，必定作为后缀一用。
16、Some general classes of compound in the order in which the characteristic groups have decreasing priority for citation as principal group 化合物的一般分类，按特征官能团能引用作主要基团的递减顺序排列。
17、Of even greater usefulness to the organic chemist is the fact that certain groups of atoms (certain functional groups)give rise to stretching or bending vibrational absorption bands at or near the same wavelength it. regardless of the structure of the remainder of the molecule。 一些原子团（官能团）不管分子其余部分结构如何，在相同波长产生伸缩和变形震动吸收带，这一类对有机化学家有更大的用处。
18、The literature on the subject of the correlation of structure with infrared absorption spectra is vast, and no attempt will be made here to give complete details. 涉及结构及红外吸收谱关系的文献很多，这里不试图给出全部细节。
19、Some idea of the very limited power of quantum mechanics to make predictions emerges from the list of real systems for which it gives the exact descriptions: the hydrogen atom and the H2 ion. 从量子力学给出表列真是体系以准确的描述（如像对氢原子和氢离子的描述）这一事实出发，显示出量子力学在进行预言时，其能力十分有限。、
20、When a quantity is defined by an equation, one may dispute the wisdom of the definition, but rarely is there any dispute about its meaning 只用一个（数字）方程去定义一个（物理）量时，人们可能会议论该定义是否合理，而很少对它的含义提出质疑。+This is much less true with verbal definitions, as the thriving activity of our law courts and diplomatic missions attests.用文字定义该物理量是很难准确度，就像我们法院和外交使团作证时所富有的灵活性。
21、In this lesson it will be shown how one can predict the equilibrium states of chemical systems from thermodynamic data, and conversely how the experimental measurements on equilibrium states provide useful thermodynamic data. 在这节课里,2+
我们将展示了一个人如何预测化学系统平衡态热力学数据,从实验测量,相反在如何平衡态提供有用的热力学数据。
22、The principles of chemical equilibrium apply even to these, and it will be seen that for many of them, the extent of reaction can be expressed quantitatively化学平衡的原理甚至也适用于被认为是进行完全的反应，显然许多这类反应其反应程度可以定量地表达。
23、If the concentration of any of the components in the system at equilibrium is changed, the concentrations of the other components will change in such a manner that the defined ratio remains equal to K as long as the temperature does not change 如果平衡时体系中任意主分的浓度改变，那么只要温度不变其他组分的浓度将以保持相等K固定比例的方式的变化。
24、Therefore, it is common practice when studying the rate in the laboratory to carry out reactions at constant temperature (isothermally), thus eliminating one variable那么只要温度不变其它组分的浓度将保持。
25、In practice. it is usually the concentration of the reactants that are used in determining the over-all rates of reaction'. 实际上，一般正是反应物的浓度，它用以测定反应的总速率。
26、You can then confirm your suspicion as to the nature of one of the contaminants by deliberately adding some o-xylene to the reagent and obtaining a new vapor-phase chromatogram。然后你可以通过有意加入一些邻-二甲苯到试剂中和得到一个新的气象色谱图而证实你的关于污染物之一的设想。
27、Thus, it is usually wise to confirm a tentative identification of a compound through its retention time by some other means.通常利用一些其他方法来证实通过化合物的保留时间的不确定鉴别是明智的。
长句子(篇五)
《翻译长句子的方法》
试讲材料二： 四级英语阅读中翻译长句子的方法
1、 分词短语打头，句子呈现三段（或三段以上）的长句式
分词短语（包括现在分词和过去分词）做状语，是分词用法的重头戏，同学们在阅读时由于要区分短语和主语之间的逻辑关系，所以理解上有难度。并且分词短语本身往往由于掺入了插入语成分，理解上就更为困难。
解决方法：第一要理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。但不是完全对。比如： the sinking ship & the sunken ship前者是正在下沉，后者是已经下沉。所以分词的含义要从时态和语态两部分进行考察。时态上： 现在分词相当于一个进行时态或者一般的动作；过去分词相当于一个已经完成的时态。从语态上分析：现在分词表示主动，和修饰的名词构成主谓关系；及物动词的过去分词表示被动。第二要分析分词短语的主语和句子的主语是否一致。一般来讲,单独的分词放在句首做状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。而考生往往忽略了这一点。造成“垂悬分词”的错误。比如：
等车的时候，一块转头砸到我头上了。Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head. 这样的翻译，中文意思虽对，但是在英文中讲不通，因为这样导致分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。
如果名词＋分词做状语，就变成了我们熟知的独立主格结构，此时，分词拥有自己独立的主语。例如： Weather permitting, we’ll be going fishing tomorrow.
原文：Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the Conservancy’s Bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth environmental protection. （2005.6）
翻译思路：首先要看Operating的主语是谁？是Bud Cook这个人还是the Conservancy。
翻译：大自然保护协会,运营于宾西法尼亚州朗庞德村的一栋上百年历史的校舍，它的成员巴德-库克就在这里办公，他与当地人民和商业领导合作，以努力平衡好经济发展与环境保护之间的关系。
2、并列句连用使得句子变长
并列句是四级阅读理解中的主要句式。出题人会把几个成分相同的并列句子，通过剔除多余成分从而使其合并为一个很长的句子。
解决方法：破解这样句子的关键是要弄清楚两个句子的逻辑关系，补全成分后重新还原为几个单独的句子即可。例如：
To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. (2004.6)
翻译：对政府来说更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到过外事办的批准，并且她事实上非常了解安哥拉的形势和英国政府关于地雷的政策。
相当于拆分成三个句子：
(1) To make matters worse for the government
(2) It soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.
(3) It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. 3、多重复合句叠加
所谓多重复合句叠加，就是说一个长句子当中可能包含了好几种句式（并列的定语从句、状语从句、介词短语等等）。
解决方法：找出谓语，通过谓语的个数分清主从句，理清句子逻辑关系。如果共有n个谓语，必有n-1个从句。
（1） Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the
necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful
or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise
never to do again. (2006.1)
句子中谓语动词分别为： is, avoids, was, is ，promise五个谓语动词。注意到avoids 和promise是并列关系，所以该句子是由有there be引导做主句，后面跟了两个which 引导的定语从句，两者是并列的。比较特殊的是which定语从句中有各自有一个定语从句，像是一个连环套。
拆分为五个句子：
1. Then there is the general, all covering apology
2. which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3. that was particularly hurtful or insulting
4. which the person should promise never to do again.
5. who is apologizing
翻译为：于是那有一个一般性的笼统道歉，它既避免了鉴别一个显著有害或侮辱的特殊行为的必要性，也让道歉的人应当允诺永不再犯。
长句子(篇六)
《英语常用长句子分析》
一、英语长句的分析一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面： (1) 修饰语过多；(2) 并列成分多； (3) 语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法：(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。(3) 分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句等，若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析：例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析： (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists，谓语为suggest，宾语为一个从句，因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构，它们的谓语动词分别为suggest，is raised，are，develop，experience等，这五个谓语结构之间的关系为： Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句； who is raised in an environment为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为child； where there are many stimuli为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为environment； which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为stimuli； 在suggest的宾语从句中，主语为child，谓语为experience，宾语为greater intellectual development.在作了如上的分析之后，我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解，然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法，就可以把该句翻译成汉语为：行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。例2. For a family of four，for example，it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home，with almost unlimited entertainment available，than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. (85年考题)分析： (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个比较结构，而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。(2) 该句中共有三个谓语结构，它们之间的关系为： it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 为主体结构，但it是形式主语，真正的主语为第二个谓语结构： to sit comfortably at home，并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。(3) 句首的for a family of four
作状语，表示条件。另外，还有两个介词短语作插入语： for example，with almost unlimited entertainment available，其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语，修饰to sit comfortably at home.综合上述翻译方法，这个句子我们可以翻译为：◎大宝考研版权所有，拒绝转载◎CufYKxV1iZ譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。 英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念，而汉语则不同，常常使用若干短句，作层次分明的叙述。因此，在进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解，翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中，我们一般采取下列的方法。(1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如：例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep，electricity is working for us，driving our refrigerators，heating our water，or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考题)分析： 该句子由一个主句，三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成，共有五层意思： A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时； B.电仍在为我们工作； C. 帮我们开动电冰箱； D. 加热水； E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致，因此，我们可以通过顺序法，把该句翻译成：即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作： 帮我们开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited，and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”，the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考题)分析： 该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”，it为形式主语，that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构，其中，不定式作主语，the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构，表达了四个层次的意义： A. 可是现在人们意识到； B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的； C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”； D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的翻译方法，把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整，整个句子就翻译为：可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿
物质“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。下面我们再列举几个实例：例3. Prior to the twentieth century，women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在20世纪以前，小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点，因而无法成为具有个性的人； 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。例4. This method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations，and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况，也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案，从“铁生锈，是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”例5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event； it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama，the splendid achievements and terrible failures； it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man`s life of all the dead，great and obscure，who once walked the earth，and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣； 其后，这种爱好变得成熟起来，我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性，对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣； 对历史的爱好，最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。 对死去的，无论是伟大与平凡，所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人，都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。例6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction，and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment ，they would not be so hurt，and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备，而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长，正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志，他们就不会感到如此伤心，所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。(2) 逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。例如：例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century，because nowhere in nature is it found free，owing to its always being comb
ined with other elements，most commonly with oxygen，for which it has a strong affinity.分析： 这个句子由一个主句，两个原因状语和一个定语从句，“铝直到19世纪才被人发现”是主句，也是全句的中心内容，全句共有四个谓语结构，共有五层意思： A. 铝直到19世纪才被人发现； B. 由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝； C. 由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起； D. 最普遍的是跟氧结合； E. 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前，果在后，这样，我们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句翻译成：铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是跟氧结合； 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力，由于这个原因，在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以，铝直到19世纪才被人发现。例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that，if students are not to waste their opportunities，there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.分析： 该句由一个主句，一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成，“……变得越来越重要”是主句，也是全句的中心内容，全句共有三个谓语结构，包含三层含义： A. ……变的越来越重要； B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会； C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯，我们也采用逆序法，翻译成：eN因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。下面我们再举几个实例：例3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learningEnglish seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the languagehave been understood.一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型，再往下学似乎就越来越难了，这其中的原因，也许教师比学生更容易理解。例4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroysthe old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.对于以往几代人来说，旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段，而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动，因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。例5.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor，the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation，a real phenomenon in the late fifties.50年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象，穷知识分子以“跨掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美
国典型的穷人，正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。例6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。例7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world； they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds，if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating ◎animals.◎假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们，昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼，害死我们的牛羊家畜，使我们不能生存于世。(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切，翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语化成句子，分开来叙述，为了使语意连贯，有时需要适当增加词语。例如：例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子，但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译，就可能被翻译成：没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。这样，就使得译文极为不通顺，不符合汉语的表达习惯，因此，我们应该把它译为：大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。例2. Television，it is often said，keeps one informed about current events，allow one to follow ◎the latest developments in science and politics，and offers an endless series of programmes which areboth instructive and entertaining. (85年考题)分析： 在此长句中，有一个插入语“it is often said”，三个并列的谓语结构，还有一个定语从句，这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子，但都有独立的意义，因此在翻译时，可以采用分句法，按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句，结果为：人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。下面我们再举一个例子：例3. All they have to do is press a button，and they can see plays，films，operas，and shows of every kind，not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (85年考题)他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开，就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧，以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。例4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is th
长句子(篇七)
《有关科技的5个长句子》
有关科技的5个长句子
1.The convenience and effectiveness of GPS guidance systems and digital maps generated by search engines is undeniable. They’ve definitely made our lives easier. What we don’t get from using these devices and applications are the increased ability to understand spatial orientation, representative symbolism, and navigation.
GPS导航系统和搜索引擎生成的数字地图，其便利性和有效性是不可否认的，确实使我们的生活变得更加轻松。我们的空间方向立体感、识别标志性符号的记忆力以及导航能力无法从使用这些设备和应用程序中得以增强。
2..The primary culprits are E-readers. They’re convenient and can store thousands of books. There’s also evidence that their format makes it more difficult for users to retain and recall information they just read. Don’t worry, there’s no need to give up your e-reader! What we should do is make an effort to read printed books. This will be especially helpful when perusing information we need for academic or career purposes.
主要的罪魁祸首是电子阅读器。电子阅读器方便可以存储成千上万本书籍。也有证据表明电子阅读器的格式让用户更难记住并回忆起刚读过的信息。别担心！没有必要放弃你的电子书！我们应该做的是努力去阅读印刷书籍，仔细阅读学术或职业方面的信息特别有用。
3.Instead, experts recommend turning off all devices an hour before bedtime and finding another method for winding down, like reading a book, taking a warm bath or performing a series of calming yoga poses. It's also a good idea to exercise and lay off the caffeine several hours before bedtime.
专家建议，睡觉前不要玩iPad，睡前一小时关掉所有的电子设备，通过其他方式放松自己：比如读本书，洗个热水浴，或做做舒缓瑜伽。在睡前几小时进行运动，让自己体内的兴奋剂提前消耗掉也是一个好主意。
4.Forget weeks to find a builder and months for house construction, a machine developed in the United States can build a 232sq m home layer by layer in a single day.
我们不需要再花几周的时间找建筑商或者花数月的时间为房屋施工了。美国研发的一种机器可以在一天之内一层层地打印出232平方米的房子。
5."Imagine you are 200 kilometres (130 miles) away, on holiday, and you realised you have forgotten to close your curtains."
Not to worry. You can send a quick text message to your curtain remote control. If that doesn't work, you can always get your television or your radio to lend a hand.
“假如你正在离家有200公里（合130英里）远的地方度假，突然想起来忘记拉窗帘了。” 不必担心。你可以立即向窗帘遥控器发送一条信息。如果它没有“开工”，你还可以让电视或者收音机帮你传个信儿。