若a,log43,则2a,2-a

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若a,log43,则2a,2-a(一)
第11课 对数的运算

第11课 对数的运算

一、课前检测

1.(必修1P58习题5改编)计算:

log2

=.

2.(必修1P80习题6改编)计算:(lg 5)2+lg 2×lg 50=.

3.(必修1P80习题12改编)已知lg 6=a,lg 12=b,则用a,b表示lg 24=.

4.(必修1P63习题5改编)若log34·log48·log8m=log416,则m=

5.(必修1P63练习8改编)方程lg x+lg(x+3)=1的解x=二、

1.对数的相关概念

(1)对数的定义:如果ab=N(a>0,a≠1),那么b(2)常用对数和自然对数

①常用对数:以10为底N的对数,简记为lg N;

②自然对数:以e为底N的对数,简记为ln N.

(3)指数式与对数式的相互转化

ab=Na>0,a≠1,N>0),两个式子表示的a,b,N三个数之间的关系是一样的,并且可以互化.

2.对数运算的性质(M>0,N>0,a>0,a≠1)

(1)loga(MN)=

M

(2)logaN=

(3)logaMn

3.对数换底公式(N>0,a>0,a≠1,b>0,b≠1)

logaNlogbN=. logab

由换底公式可以得到:logab=1mlogb ,loganbm=logab·logban4.几个常用的结论(N>0,a>0,a≠1)

(1)logaa=loga1=;

(2)logaaN,aloga

N

三、

对数式的计算

例1 计算:

7

(1)lg 14-2lg3+lg 7-lg 18; 32

log53(2)2log32-log39+log38-5;

1324

(3)2lg 49-3lg

.

变式 (2015·涟水中学)计算: (1)lg 3+lg 70-lg 3

7

3lg4-lg605-11(2)-4×2. lg3lg5

指数式与对数式的相互转化

例2 已知实数x,y,z满足3x=4y=6z>1.

212

(1)求证:x+y=z;【若a,log43,则2a,2-a】

(2)试比较3x,4y,6z的大小.

变式1 已知logax=logac+b,求x.

23x2-3x

变式2 若xlog34=1,求x的值. -x22

换底公式的应用

2logab)例3 已知logax+logcx=2logbx,且x≠1,求证:c=(ac.

变式 已知lo

loga1b1=loga2b2=…=loganbn=λ且a1a2…an≠0,n∈N*.求证:ga1a2…an

(b1b2…bn)=λ.

四、课堂练习

511.(2015·安徽卷)计算:lg +2lg 2-=. 22-1

2.(2015·浙江卷)若a=log43,则2a+2-a=.

3.(2015·襄阳孝感联考)计算:(log43+log49)(log32+log38)=.

4.求下列各式的值.

(1)lg 5(lg 8+lg 1 000)+

(lg 2+lg

(2)log2

(

.

1+lg 0.06; 6

若a,log43,则2a,2-a(二)
2015年浙江省高考数学试卷(理科)试题与解析

2015年浙江高考数学

一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)数学(理科)

2.(5分)某几何体的三视图如图所示(单位:cm),则该几何体的体积是( ) 23.(5分)已知{an}是等差数列,公差d不为零,前n项和是Sn,若a

3,a4,a8成等比数列,

5.(5分)如图,设抛物线y=4x的焦点为F,不经过焦点的直线上有三个不同的点A,B,C,其中点A,B在抛物线上,点C在y轴上,则△BCF与△ACF的面积之比是( ) 2**

6.(5分)设A,B是有限集,定义:d(A,B)=card(A∪B)﹣card(A∩B),其中card

(A)表示有限集A中的元素个数( )

命题①:对任意有限集A,B,“A≠B”是“d(A,B)>0”的充分必要条件;

8.(5分)如图,已知△

ABC,D是AB的中点,沿直线CD将△ACD折成△A′CD,所成二面角A′﹣CD﹣B的平面角为α,则( )

二、填空题:本大题共7小题,多空题每题6分,单空题每题4分,共36分.

9.(6分)双曲线

=1的焦距是,渐近线方程是.

10.(6分)已知函数f(x)=,则f(f(﹣3))=f(x)的最小值是 .

11.(6分)函数f(x)=sinx+sinxcosx+1的最小正周期是是 .

12.(4分)若a=log43,则2+2= .

13.(4分)如图,三棱锥A﹣BCD中,AB=AC=BD=CD=3,AD=BC=2,点M,N分别是AD,BC的中点,则异面直线AN,CM所成的角的余弦值是 a﹣a2

14.(4分)若实数x,y满足x+y≤1,则|2x+y﹣2|+|6﹣x﹣3y|的最小值是

15.(6分)已知是空间单位向量,,且对于任意x,y∈R

,则

x0=,y0=,|=. ,若空间向量满足22

三、解答题:本大题共5小题,共74分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.

16.(14分)在△ABC中,内角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c,已知A=

(1)求tanC的值;

(2)若△ABC的面积为3,求b的值.

17.(15分)如图,在三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中,∠BAC=90°,AB=AC=2,A1A=4,A1在底面ABC的射影为BC的中点,D是B1C1的中点.

(1)证明:A1D⊥平面A1BC;

(2)求二面角A1﹣BD﹣B1的平面角的余弦值.

,b﹣a=c. 222

18.(15分)已知函数f(x)=x+ax+b(a,b∈R),记M(a,b)是|f(x)|在区间[﹣1,1]上的最大值.

(1)证明:当|a|≥2时,M(a,b)≥2;

(2)当a,b满足M(a,b)≤2时,求|a|+|b|的最大值.

2

19.(15分)已知椭圆上两个不同的点A,B关于直线y=mx+对称.

(1)求实数m的取值范围;

(2)求△AOB面积的最大值(O为坐标原点).

20.(15分)已知数列{an}满足a1=且an+1=an﹣an(n∈N)

*2*(1)证明:1≤≤2(n∈N);

(2)设数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,证明

2(n∈N). *

2015年浙江省高考数学试卷(理科)

参考答案与试题解析

一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)数学(理科)

2.(5分)某几何体的三视图如图所示(单位:cm),则该几何体的体积是( )

2

若a,log43,则2a,2-a(三)
苏教版二年级英语2A U3-U4单元测试卷

二年级英语 (U3-U4)单元练习卷

班级______ 学号_____ 姓名________ 成绩_________

听力部分

一、听录音,圈出你所听到的图片。

1

、 2、

3、

4

、 5、

6

7、

8、

二、听录音,圈出你所听到的单词。

【若a,log43,则2a,2-a】

1 sun star 2 big bright 3 door desk 4 sofa small 5 doctor dog 6 chair table 7 fine five 8 nurse nose 9 moon mother 10 teacher worker

三、听录音,根据所听内容将单词配对。

1. Dad 2. Helen 3. Mike 4. Mum

a. door b. sun c. window d. zoo

四、听录音,选出你所听到的句子。 ( )1. ( )2. ( )3. ( )4.

A. He’s my father. A. She’s a doctor. A. Look at the moon.

B. He’s my brother. B. She’s a teacher. B. Look at the star.

A. Clean the table, please. B. Clean the chair, please.

( )5. A. Oh, it’s big. B. Oh, it’s bright. 五、听录音,给问句选答句。 ( )1. A. He’s my brother. ( )2. A. He’s a doctor. ( )3. A. Oh, it’s small. ( )4. A. Yes. He is a doctor.

B. She’s my sister. B. She’s a nurse. B. Oh’ it’s bright. B. No. She is a doctor.

( )5. A. OK B. Thank you.

【若a,log43,则2a,2-a】

六、听录音,判断下面句子与听到的句子是否一致,一致的画,不一致的打

1. Who’s he? 2. Look at the moon! 3. It’s bright.

4. Clean the door, please.

5. Open the window, please.

6. This is my father. 7. What’s he? He’s a cook. 8. What’s that?

七、听录音,写出听到的字母的大小写。

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

笔试部分

八、用正确的格式抄写下列单词。

sun bright moon small big 九、选出不同类的单词。 ( )1. ( )2. ( )3. ( )4. ( )5.

A. sister A. window A. big A. he A. carrot

B. brother B. table B. small B. she B. bean

C. mother C. sofa C. moon C. me C. tomato

D. doctor D. chair D. bright D. father D. peach

十、写出下列字母的左邻右舍。【若a,log43,则2a,2-a】

Qq 2. 3.Ss

5.

十一、选择正确的答案,将编号写在前面的括号内。 ( ) 1 Look ______ the moon. A at B and ( ) 2 Who’s she?

_____ my mother.

A He’s B She’s ( ) 3 ____ is she?

She is a nurse.

A Who B What ( ) 4 What’s this?

It’s a ________.

A blue B balloon ( ) 5 Nice to meet you.

Nice to meet you, ______. A to B too ( ) 6 How are you? ________

A I am five. B I am fine. ( )7 Is she a teacher ? _________

A Yes, she is. B Yes, he is. ( )8 Clean the floor, please. _______ right.

A All. B OK. ( )9 Happy birthday! ____________.

A OK. B Thank you. ( )10 Nice to meet you. __________

A Nice to meet you, too. B That’s all right.

若a,log43,则2a,2-a(四)
朗文英语2A期末模拟试卷

期末模拟试卷 Part I. Listening:40%

I、Listen and choose选出听到的单词或句子 10%

( ) 1. A. ferry ( ) 2. A. in

( ) 3. A. us ( ) 5. A. grass ( ) 6. A. tennis

B.train B. on

C. tram C. at

C. her C. waiter C. gun C. playground

B. him B. glass

( ) 4. A. waitress B. nurse

B. swimming

( ) 7. A. Can we make a noise here? Sorry, you can’t. B. Can we make a noise here? No, you can’t. C. Can you make a noise here? No, I can’t. ( ) 8. A. What’s your father’s job? He is a doctor. B. What’s your father? He is a doctor. C. Who’s your father? He is Ben. ( ) 9. A. My maths teacher is helpful. I love her. B. My PE teacher is kind. I like him. C. My PE teacher is kind. I love her. ( )10. A. Wendy lives in Kowloon. B. Wendy lives in the New Territories. C. Wendy lives on Hong Kong Island.

II、Listen and choose the correct answer 选择正确的答语:10%

( )1. A. I walk to school. B. He comes on foot. ( )2. A. They’re flying. B. There are three birds in the sky. ( )3. A. Where do they live? B. Where does he live?. ( )4. A. Yes, I love her. B. Yes, I love him. ( )5. A. I am seven. B. I am Stephen. ( )6. A. She’s a policewoman. B. He is a policeman. ( ) 7. A. It’s OK. B. Sorry.

( )8. A. No. It says: Do not pick the flowers. B. No. It says: Do not throw litter. ( )9. A. Where are they? B. Where is it? ( )10. A. You are welcome. B. Excuse me.

III、Listen and fill in the blanks听音填词,一格一词:12%

1. We also come to school by __________.

2. What is your telephone number? It is _____________. 3. My Chinese teacher is _____________ and great. 4. What is __________ Lee’s job? He is a fireman. 5. I work in a fire station. I put out ___________.

6. Don't feed them. They are __________ and not hard-working.

IV、Listen and choose the correct answer 听短文,选择正确的答案:8%

( ) 1. Mary’s uncle is a _____________.

A. doctor A. box/letter A. eggs A. one

B. farmer

C. worker C. letter/eggs C. cakes C. many

( ) 2. Mary has a _______ and _______ from her uncle.

B. chick/letter

B. boxes

( ) 3. Mary likes to eat ______________.

( ) 4. There is(are) ____________ egg(s) in the box.

B. no

Part II Reading and Grammar Practice 60%

I、Read and write correctly正确抄写句子,注意大小写及标点符号:6%

who’s that man

_____________________________________ she’s very thin

________________________________________ Mr Brown is my english teacher.

_________________________________________

II、Read and Judge(判断划线部分的发音,相同的用“T”不同的用“F”表示 8%

1. 3. 5. 7. ( ) 2.

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

4. ( ) 6.

( )

8. ( )

III、Fill in the blank 选词填空10%

1. How many pupils come by car? One pupil __________ by car. (come/comes) 2. Where _________ Kitty live? (does/do)

3. Who ________ they? He’s my PE teacher and She’s my music teacher. (is/are)

4. Do you like him? Yes, I ________. (do/like) 5. ___________ are nurses over there. (There/They)

6. Where is the pond? It’s ____________ the pool and the bar. (front/between) 7. Let us talk ________ Beeno first. (for/to) 8._______ old are you?(What/How)

9.___________ pupils come to school by bus?(How much/How many) 10.__________ your job,daddy?(Where’s/What’s)

IV、Choice 选择题 12%

( ) 1. Let’s get __________ a group. A. into A. Our A. can

B. by B. Us

C. to C.We C. don’t

( ) 2. ________ new home is in Wan Chai too.

( ) 3. Sorry, I _________ understand. It’s OK. I can help you.

B. do

( ) 4. I think _____________ friendly. A. her is A.saves A. her

B. she

B. saving B. he

B. What’s B. What

C. she’s

C. save C. him

( ) 5. It’s Daddy. He’s __________ the little boy. ( ) 6. He is helpful, I like _______. ( ) 7. _______ your telephone number? A. Who’s A. How A. be A. have

C. Where’s C. Where

( ) 8. ___________ are the toilets? ( ) 9. Don’t __________ lazy.

B. /

C. for

C. Are

( ) 10. We ___________ rice for breakfast.

B. has

( ) 11.Do you like her? ________________.

A Yes, I do. B Yes, I don’t. C No, I do.

( ) 12. ________ your English teacher?

A What’s B Who’s C Where’s

V、看图完成句子 :18%

1.How do you_____________________________? I come to school _________________________.【若a,log43,则2a,2-a】

2.

______________________ live? I _______________________________.

3. ______________ has long hair.

I like _________________. 4.

In this photo, I can find a ____________, a

_____________, a ________________, a _____________and a ________________.

5. Can I climb the trees?

No, you _________. Look at the sign.

It says: ___________________________________. 6.

__________________ the playground? It is _____________________ the garden.

VI、Cloze 阅读并选择 6%

It is Sunday today. I am on the ___1___. There are many ___2___ there. Look at that cow. It is ___3___. It is helping the farmer. There is a bird singing ___4___ the tree. How nice the sound is! Quack! Quack! Oh, there are some ___5___ swimming on the lake. And there is a ___6___ under the tree. It’s barking happily.

( ) 1. A. playground B. farm C. tree ( ) 2. A. animals B. people C. food ( ) 3. A. hard B. hard-working C. bad ( ) 4. A. on B. between C. for ( ) 5. A. cats B. sheep C. ducks ( ) 6. A. dog B. farmer C. cow

若a,log43,则2a,2-a(五)
2014高考数学第一轮复习 对数与对数函数

第5讲 对数与对数函数

【2014年高考会这样考】

1.考查对数函数的定义域与值域. 2.考查对数函数的图象与性质的应用.

3.考查以对数函数为载体的复合函数的有关性质. 4.考查对数函数与指数函数互为反函数的关系. 【复习指导】

复习本讲首先要注意对数函数的定义域,这是研究对数函数性质.判断与对数函数相关的复合函数图象的重要依据,同时熟练把握对数函数的有关性质,特别注意底数对函数单调性的影响.

基础梳理

1.对数的概念 (1)对数的定义

如果ax=N(a>0且a≠1),那么数x叫做以a为底N的对数,记作x=log,其中a叫做对数的底数,N叫做真数. (2)几种常见对数

2.(1)对数的性质

①alogaN=;②logaaN=N(a>0且a≠1). (2)对数的重要公式

logN

①换底公式:logbN=logb(a,b均大于零且不等于1);

a

1

②logab=loga,推广logab·logbc·logcd=logad.

b

(3)对数的运算法则

如果a>0且a≠1,M>0,N>0,那么

M

①loga(MN)=;②logaN=log n

③logaMn=nlogaM(n∈R);④log amMn=maM. 3.对数函数的图象与性质

4.反函数

指数函数y=ax与对数函数y=logax互为反函数,它们的图象关于直线

一种思想

对数源于指数,指数式和对数式可以互化,对数的性质和运算法则都可以通过对数式与指数式的互化进行证明. 两个防范

解决与对数有关的问题时,(1)务必先研究函数的定义域;(2)注意对数底数的取值范围. 三个关键点

画对数函数的图象应抓住三个关键点:(a,1),(1,0),1

四种方法

对数值的大小比较方法

(1)化同底后利用函数的单调性.(2)作差或作商法.(3)利用中间量(0或1). 双基自测

1.(2010·四川)2 log510+log50.25=( ).

A.0 B.1 C.2 D.4 解析 原式=log5100+log50.25=log525=2. 答案 C

2.(人教A版教材习题改编)已知a=log0.70.8,b=log1.10.9,c=1.10.9,则a,b,c的大小关系是( ). A.a<b<c C.b<a<c

B.a<c<b D.c<a<b

解析 将三个数都和中间量1相比较:0<a=log0.70.8<1,b=log1.10.9<0,c=1.10.9>1. 答案 C

3.(2012·黄冈中学月考)函数f(x)=log2(3x+1)的值域为( ). A.(0,+∞) C.(1,+∞)

解析 设y=f(x),t=3x+1. 则y=log2t,t=3x+1,x∈R.

由y=log2t,t>1知函数f(x)的值域为(0,+∞). 答案 A

4.(2012·汕尾模拟)下列区间中,函数f(x)=|ln(2-x)|在其上为增函数的是

( ).

A.(-∞,1] 3

C.0,2 

4

B.-1,3 D.[1,2) B.[0,+∞) D.[1,+∞)

解析 法一 当2-x≥1,即x≤1时,f(x)=|ln(2-x)|=ln(2-x),此时函数f(x)

在(-∞,1]上单调递减.当0<2-x≤1,即1≤x<2时,f(x)=|ln(2-x)|=-ln(2-x),此时函数f(x)在[1,2)上单调递增,故选D. 法二 f(x)=|ln(2-x)|的图象如图所示.

由图象可得,函数f(x)在区间[1,2)上为增函数,故选D. 答案 D

2

5.若loga3,则a的取值范围是________. 2

答案3,1



考向一 对数式的化简与求值

log9

【例1】►求值:(1)log3(2)(lg 5)2+lg 50·lg 2;

2

1324

(3)2lg 4938+lg 245.

[审题视点] 运用对数运算法则及换底公式. log322

解 (1)原式=log3=3.

2

10

(2)原式=(lg 5)2+lg(10×5)lg 5

=(lg 5)2+(1+lg 5)(1-lg 5)=(lg 5)2+1-(lg 5)2=1. 1431

(3)法一 原式=2(5lg 2-2lg 7)-3×2lg 2+2+lg 5) 51111=2lg 2-lg 7-2lg 2+lg 7+2lg 5=2+lg 5)=2=2. 42×752

法二 原式=lg7-lg 4+lg(75)=lg=

41

10=2.

对数源于指数,对数与指数互为逆运算,对数的运算可根据对数的定

义、对数的运算性质、对数恒等式和对数的换底公式进行.在解决对数的运算和与对数的相关问题时要注意化简过程中的等价性和对数式与指数式的互化. 11

【训练1】 (1)若2a=5b=10,求a+b的值. (2)若xlog34=1,求4x+4-x的值. 解 (1)由已知a=log210,b=log510, 11

则a+b=lg 2+lg 5=lg 10=1. (2)由已知x=log43,

110

则4x+4-x=4log43+4-log43=3+3=3.

考向二 对数值的大小比较

【例2】►已知f(x)是定义在(-∞,+∞)上的偶函数,且在(-∞,0]上是增函数,1

设a=f(log47),b=f(log23),c=f(0.2-0.6),则a,b,c的大小关系是( ). A.c<a<b C.b<c<a

B.c<b<a D.a<b<c

[审题视点] 利用函数单调性或插入中间值比较大小.

11

解析 log23=-log23=-log49,b=f(log23)=f(-log49)=f(log49),log47<5135

log49,0.2-0.6=5-5=125>32=2>log49,



又f(x)是定义在(-∞,+∞)上的偶函数,且在(-∞,0]上是增函数,故f(x)在[0,+∞)上是单调递减的,

1

∴f(0.2-0.6)<f(log2<f(log47),即c<b<a,故选B. 答案 B

一般是同底问题利用单调性处理,不同底问题的处理,一般是利用中

间值来比较大小,同指(同真)数问题有时也可借助指数函数、对数函数的图象来解决.

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